WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. The Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. [40], When Yan forces captured Tong Pass, Emperor Xuanzong and Yang, in panic, abandoned Chang'an and fled toward Shu Commandery (, roughly modern Chengdu, Sichuan). [32], In 743, An visited Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. Subsequently, An induced Geshu to write letters to several Tang generals, urging them to surrender, but they all refused. Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater. Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared The name An Lushan is the Sinicized version of the name An Rokhan. An Lushan next set out to take the Tang capital and the rest of southern China before the Tang forces could recover. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to gain favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan[14] or Yaluoshan,[15][16] the latter stated by Jiu Tangshu to mean "war" in Old Turkic. 1: Trial by Battle, J. Sumption, University of Pennsylvania Press (1999), The Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815, David Gates, Random House (2011), Napoleons Wars: An International History, 1803-1815, Charles Esdaile (2008), The Concise History of the Crusades, Thomas Madden, Rowman and Littlefield (2013), Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors A.D. 425-600, Averil Cameron, Cambridge University Press (2000), Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel, Moss Roberts, University of California Press (1991), The Mughal Empire, John Richards, Cambridge University Press (1995), The Origins of the Thirty Years War, Myron Gutmann, Journal of Interdisciplinary History (1988), History of the Thirty Years War, Antonin Gindely, Putnam (1884), The Russian Civil War, 1918-22, David Bullock, Osprey Publishing (2008), A Peoples Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution, Orlando Figes, Penguin Books(1998), Fall of the Inca Empire and the Spanish Rule in Peru, 1530-1780, Philip Means, Scribner (1932), The Last Days of the Incas, Kim Macquarrie, Simon and Schuster (2007), Temur and the Problem of a Conquerors Legacy, Beatrice Forbes Manz, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (April 1998), Tamburlaine the Great, Christopher Marlowe, Kessinger Publishing, LLC (2010), Encyclopaedia of World War I, Spencer Tucker and Priscilla Roberts, ABC-CLIO (2005), The Background of the Rebellion of An Lu-Shan, E.G. Thanks. [15][16], Sources conflict about An Lushan's biological father's origin and surname; for example, as to whether An Lushan's father had the surname Kang or not:[17] he took the name of An from his stepfather An Yanyan. Early in Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's Kaiyuan era, 713741, there was a disturbance among the Gktrk tribe that An Yanyan belonged to, and An Lushan fled to Tang with An Yanyan and An Yanyan's nephew, An Sishun. Encompassing the creation and first use of atomic weapons, the mass industrial extermination of humans during the Holocaust, in addition to combat fatalities and widespread starvation, the Second World War is estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of 50,000,000 to 85,000,000. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. Unable to stand alone against the combined might of the enlarged Jin, Wu was conquered by the Jin in 280 ending the conflict. The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the [29] His name has also been transcribed as lushn ()[14] or Ylushn (),[15][16][17] and he was posthumously named Prince La of Yan () by his deputy Shi Siming. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. Hearing news of Chang'an's fall, Guo and Li Guangbi withdrew to Lingwu, allowing Shi to again pacify the region north of the Yellow River and east of the Taihang Mountains with exception of pockets held by Yan Zhenqing and other Tang officials under his command. Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. Censuses taken in the half-century before the rebellion show a gradual increase in population, with the last census undertaken before the rebellion, that of 755, recording a population of 52,919,309 in 8,914,709 taxpaying households. In 751, Xuanzong had a magnificent mansion built for An in Chang'an, sparing no expense, using jade, gold, and silver in many different places. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. Roberts. Beginning in 1206, Genghis Khan, having united the Mongol people under a single banner for the first time in history, unleashed his new empire upon the world. Wikimedia Commons. ; In addition to natural (Soon, due to accusations of the eunuch Bian Lingcheng (), Emperor Xuanzong executed Feng and Gao, and replaced Gao with Geshu Han.) Chinese territory increased enormously and the From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. The Russian Civil War was so bloody, in fact, that it holds the dubious world-record highest death toll from a civil war by Guinness World Records. Hoyos, Wiley-Blackwell (2011), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. An Lushan, Wade-Giles romanization An Lu-shan, original surname Kang, imperial name Xiongwu, (born 703, Yingzhou [now Chaoyang, Liaoning province], Population displacements and weakened bureucratic structure unable to properly register the households are likely culprits for much of the drop instead of it all being just due to the death toll. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. He later settled in Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning). Arriving in Mexico in 1517, two years later an expedition led by Hernn Corts embarked with the goal of subjugating the native populations. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. [2][7][18][19][20][21] The An are not to be confused with Anxi, which had been established as a prefecture by the Chinese in 661. Capturing Beijing on April 24, 1644, the last Ming Emperor hung himself in the imperial garden and Zicheng proclaimed himself the Shun Emperor. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. He retained Gao Shang (), Yan Zhuang (), Zhang Tongru (), and Sun Xiaozhe () as his strategists; and Shi Siming, An Shouzhong (), Li Guiren (), Cai Xide (), Niu Tingjie (), Xiang Runrong (), Li Tingwang (), Cui Qianyou (), Yin Ziqi (), He Qiannian (), Wu Lingxun (), Neng Yuanhao (), Tian Chengsi, Tian Qianzhen (), and Ashina Chengqing () as his generals. Kangju) and Bukhara (). WebThe Tang Dynasty received its greatest blow due to the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), also known by many Chinese as the An-Shi Rebellion. Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. The Conquest of Mexico by Corts; author unknown (c. late 17th century). From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. But in his sickness and blindness An became ill-tempered and paranoid, and would flog or even murder his servants if they had caused him any displeasure. After reaching Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of the crown prince, who was proclaimed Suzong. Yang Guozhong, instead, entered into an alliance with Geshu against An. Despite superior numbers, the geography of the mountain passes precluded an advance on the capital of Changan until 756, at which point Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan where he abdicated his throne. For the next 144 years, the Tang ceased to exist in all but name, a far cry from its glorious days under Emperors Taizong and Xuanzong. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. The Battle of Shanhai Pass in 1644 (c. late Ming period). [42], Two years later, in 759, after Shi Siming killed An Qingxu and assumed the imperial title, Shi Siming buried An Lushan with the ceremony due an imperial prince, not an emperor, and gave him the rather unflattering posthumous name of La (, meaning "unthinking").[16]. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. COVID-19 (Death Toll Estimate: 6 Million) 142,000+. The An WebThe death of Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero (c. 1867). FOR SALE! An considered withdrawing north of the Yellow River to secure the territory, but meanwhile, suspicions had begun to rise between Yang Guozhong and Geshu, each believing that the other had designs on himself. With an estimated death toll of 50-70 million people, historians rate the Mongolian Conquests as one of the deadliest wars. At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong also gave him the governorship of Hedong Circuit (, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), in addition to Pinglu and Fanyang. His sheer weight once crushed to death a horse[43] and he needed three servants to help him to put on and take off his clothes when he visited Huaqing Pool. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. In 756, he took the capital of Changan and forced the Emperor to flee. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. Contact: prateekdasgupta@gmail.com. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. [14][31] The chancellor Zhang Jiuling, arguing that An's death would be necessary to preserve military discipline and further believing that An had the appearance of a rebel, advocated An's death, but Emperor Xuanzong believed An to be able and did not want to execute him, and therefore spared him but stripped him of titles, returning him to serve under Zhang. In 755,[12] An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation,[13] instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan. However, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime Zicheng sought to purge the military ranks of Ming loyalists. fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. Late Yuan Warfare & Transition to Ming Dynasty (Death Toll Estimate: 30 Million) 12. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most He bowed, but Emperor Xuanzong, believing him to be honest, favored him even more. The [35], Late in 751, An launched a major attack against the Khitan, advancing quickly to the heart of Khitan territory, but, hampered by rains, was defeated by the Khitan, and the general He Side () was killed. An Qingzong, who was then at Chang'an, reported Yang's attack to An Lushan, causing considerable concern to An Lushan, who, thereafter, refused to attend the funeral of an imperial prince in summer 755, and did not offer to send a large number of horses to Chang'an that autumn, which aroused the suspicions of Emperor Xuanzong. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. Zhang was set to execute An Lushan by caning, when An Lushan yelled out, "Is it that you, Lord, do not wish to destroy the two barbarian tribes? An, caught by surprise of the Emperor's retreat, had Cui advance slowly into Chang'an, even though the Tang mayor of Chang'an, Cui Guangyuan (), offered to surrender. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. An Lushan had a highly-trusted Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er (). He began to inject himself into court politicsas the official Su Xiaoyun () complained to him that the imperial examinations that year was unfair and that Zhang Shi (), the son of the deputy chief imperial censor Zhang Yi (), had been given top grade despite having no abilities. An Lushan Rebellion. Drives me nuts. An Lushan Rebellion. The, Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1129876077, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, officer of the Pinglu Army , translator. In 748, Emperor Xuanzong awarded An Lushan an iron certificate promising that he would not be executed, except for treason, and in 750, he created An Prince of Dongping, setting a precedent for generals not of the imperial Li clan to be created princes. Finally, in 763, after Luoyang was taken by the Tang forces for the second time, Shi Chaoyi committed suicide, ending the eight-year-long rebellion. With his victory, An Lushan proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Yan Dynasty. Before the revolt, estimates put the ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. The long-term Due to the slowness of the Yan advance, the Yan forces were unable to capture either Emperor Xuanzong, who eventually reached Shu Commandery, or Li Heng, who fled to Lingwu and took the Tang imperial title there (as Emperor Suzong). Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China flees the capital of Chang'an during the An Lushan Rebellion. History & Culture. The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynasty's army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. Faced with the threat of divided loyalties, on January 1, 1851, the Qing Green Standard Army attacked the God Worshiping Society at Jintian; in response to this provocation, Hong proclaimed himself the Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace and sent forth his armies against the Qing. The generals, after much discussion, decided to borrow troops from an offshoot of the Turkish Tujue Tribe, the Huihe tribe (ancestors of the modern-day Uighurs). The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China; it significantly weakened the dynasty. You are using an out of date browser. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. Up The An Lushan Rebellion was an 8th-century revolt against the Tang dynasty of Imperial China, whereupon in 755 the eponymous favorite general of Emperor Xuanzong proclaimed himself Emperor of the Great Yan dynasty. One such general, Wu Sangui, consequently defected to the Qing cause and with their combined forces defeated the new dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass. [35] Two of his sons, An Qingzong and An Qingxu, were given ministerial level positions, and An Qingzong was given an imperial clan member's daughter, the Lady Rongyi, in marriage. As people have mentioned, severe drops in population during periods of turbulence in Imperial China are generally more due to the collapse in bureaucratic registration than war-related casualties (not to say that the An Lushan rebellion was not devastating for many areas, in particular the Wei River Valley/Henan regions). Oh god why would you go between percent and fractions in the same sentence describing the same thing. In 754, the recorded Chinese population stood at over 52 142,000+. It lasted for two decades and left around 25 million people dead, possibly more. [40], Once he had assumed the imperial title, An Lushan spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). You learn something new every day; what did you learn today? The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace 343 BC290 BC. Wang, instead, led the troops himself to Xiongwu in advance of the rendezvous date and, after participating in the building project, returned with the soldiers, and submitted reports to Emperor Xuanzong that he believed An was planning treason. 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