[16] Most Oceanian countries are multi-party representative parliamentary democracies, with tourism being a large source of income for the Pacific Islands nations. Today the continenthas a series of independent countries, some of them since the 19th century (the British colonies, above all) and others much later, in the mid-20th century. Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States and South Korea. [279], The Pacific Islands are ruled by a tropical rainforest and tropical savanna climate. "[38] He did not explicitly label Oceania a continent in the book, but did note that it was one of the six major divisions of the world. Oceania is the fictional totalitarian state that acts as the setting for the novel 1984 by George Orwell. Definition: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. The Polynesian people are considered to be by linguistic, archaeological and human genetic ancestry a subset of the sea-migrating Austronesian people and tracing Polynesian languages places their prehistoric origins in the Malay Archipelago, and ultimately, in Taiwan. [67] It is used in statistical reports, by the International Olympic Committee, and by many atlases. There are thus six great divisions of the earth Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Oceania. "[122] Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and New Caledonia (which is geologically associated with New Zealand) were all excluded, as these areas are descendants of the ancient Pangaea supercontinent, along with landmasses such as the Americas and Afro-Eurasia. [339], Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies quantify the magnitude of the Austronesian expansion and demonstrate the homogenising effect of this expansion. We do not have any contact with official entities nor do we intend to replace the information that they emit. Examples include Banaba (formerly Ocean Island) and Makatea in the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia. With regards to Papuan influence, autochthonous haplogroups support the hypothesis of a long history in Near Oceania, with some lineages suggesting a time depth of 60 thousand years. Popular Quizzes Today. Description . [34] One study from 1884 describes Oceania as a continent, stating that South of the continent of Asia is found a large island nearly as large as the continent of Europe. Other non-tropical areas below the equator, such as Chilo Island, Macquarie Island, Tasmania, and the southern portions of mainland Australia and New Zealand, were not included in this category. The lieutenant governor acts as the Secretary of State. Hawaii became a U.S. state in 1959. "[24], The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania (2018) defined Oceania as only covering Austronesian-speaking islands in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, with this definition including New Guinea and New Zealand. Australia was also not included, as it was settled several thousands of years before the arrival of Austronesian-speaking peoples in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. However, he wrote that these islands "are not usually reckoned as belonging to it, because they are known to be inhabited by races of people who came immediately from the adjacent continents and are unconnected with those tribes of the human race who peopled the remote islands of this great ocean." [207] They are believed to have been Polynesian. [289], The highest recorded temperature in Oceania occurred in Oodnadatta, South Australia (2 January 1960), where the temperature reached 50.7C (123.3F). ( January 1 2023). For the 1943 Australian film, see, Kppen climate classification of selected regions in Oceania, Historical and contemporary interpretations, Green & Pawley, 1973, "Dating the Dispersal of the Oceanic Languages", Although based on a superficial understanding of the Pacific islanders, Dumont dUrvilles tripartite classification stuck. [229] The Marshall Islands were claimed by Spain in 1874. [395][396] Since the mid-20th century, American popular culture has strongly influenced Australia, particularly through television and cinema. [78] In 1887, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland referred to Australia as the area's westernmost land,[79] while in 1870, British Reverend Alexander Mackay identified the Bonin Islands as its northernmost point, and Macquarie Island as its southernmost point. [170][171][172][173][174] Both were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans during the 17th century. Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. The human group that inhabits the continentis extremely varied in its customs and cultures, exhibiting an interesting diversity despite its very low population density rate. Although disagreeing on details, scientists generally support a theory that calls for a Southeast Asian origin of island peoples. The state's food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, sugarcane and honey. Oceania, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). "[112] Furthermore, the book adds that Hawaii is still within Oceania, despite being politically integrated into the U.S., and that the Pacific Ocean "gives unity to the whole" since "all these varied lands emerge from or border upon the Pacific. In this book the other two continents were categorized as being the New World (consisting of the Americas) and the Old World (consisting of Afro-Eurasia). In some islands of Chilean sovereignty, such as Easter Island, Spanish is spoken. Hawaii also made a major contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar. Population: 23,232,413 Capital: Canberra Even though the continent of Australia has the most species of marsupials, they originated in South America, back when the continents were the landmass of Gondwana. [456] The OFC was dominated by Australia for many years, and became known for one-sided results. In: Christidis, L., Boles, W., 2008. The Global Religious Landscape It further states, "In its broadest definition Oceania embraces all islands and island groups of the Pacific Ocean that lie between Asia and the two American continents. [371] Milford Sound in South Island is acclaimed as New Zealand's most famous tourist destination. At 103million square kilometres (40,000,000sqmi), it is the largest tectonic plate. Due to external migration, the population increased by 214,649. With migrants comprising approximately 22 per cent of the population, the region far outstrips global averages. "[106] The Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan and other islands near China are often deemed as a geological extension of Asia, since they do not have oceanic geology, instead being detached fragments of the Eurasian continent that were once physiologically connected. In all of Oceania, only the former British colonies of Australia and New Zealand have Westerndemocratic governments, although Samoa, Vanuatu, and Tonga also exhibit stable republics. ", The Global Financial Centres Index 14 (September 2013), 2012 Global Cities Index and Emerging Cities Outlook, "Industry sector of employment | Australia | Community profile", "The 23 cities with the best quality of life in the world", "Vienna tops Mercer's 19th Quality of Living ranking", "Foreign owners muscle in as New Zealand sells off all its assets", "New Zealand rated most business-friendly", "Page 10 External diversification after 1966", "Triennial Central Bank Survey, April 2013", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "A History of Honey Bees in the Hawaiian Islands", "Honolulu ranked 2nd safest city in America", "Tourism and Migration Statistics Visitor Arrivals by Usual Country of Residence (19952001)", "Tourism Satellite Account 201415:Key Figures", "5249.0 Australian National Accounts: Tourism Satellite Account, 201011", "Factsheet New Zealand Political Forces", "New Zealand Legislation: Royal Titles Act 1974", "The first wave of Australian feature film production", "Where to party in Australia on New Year's Eve", "Avo smash and flat whites bringing the Aussie vibe to New York", "Modern Australian recipes and Modern Australian cuisine", "Israel Kamakawiwo'ole: The Voice Of Hawaii", "World famous in New Zealand: Hobbiton Movie Set", "Government and nation National holidays", "ICC Cricket World Cup facts with list of winners and host countries", "Australian rules football (sport) Britannica Online Encyclopedia", "Rugby World Cup final: South Africa break records and beat All Blacks to milestones", "Warren Gatland failed to learn lessons of 2015 | Graham Price", "Rugby League Football 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand", "southern hemisphere sides are a class apart", "Nauru AFL team to play in International Cup", "Football in Australia Australia's Culture Portal", "AFL still fourth-best attended sporting competition in the world", "Meet Pohnpei: the Pacific islanders battling to become FIFA's 212th member", "The Associate Members of OFC 0:3 for football", "The Marshall Islands: The last country on Earth without a football team The Athletic", "Guam Football Association | History of GFA", "Australia World Cup is a long way away", "American Samoa finally get 17-year monkey off their back", "Australia set world record with 22-0 win over Tonga", " Australia: sports participants by type 2020", "National Sporting Agenda Announcement | Commonwealth Games Australia", "Brisbane2032 | About Queensland and its government | Queensland Government", "Australia and New Zealand to compete in Pacific Games", "Australian Open | tennis tournament | Britannica", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oceania&oldid=1141815068, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2022, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Use Australian English from February 2016, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2023, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles to be expanded from October 2018, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:30. 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