Please enable JavaScript to enjoy the best experience. To dig deeper into CloudKit, I strongly recommend taking the time to view the various CloudKit presentations from each of the last few WWDCs and follow along with the examples they provide. Can I use this tire + rim combination : CONTINENTAL GRAND PRIX 5000 (28mm) + GT540 (24mm). Click Query Records to see a listing of the record(s) you created in the app earlier! a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. CloudKit is built on top of Apples iCloud service. As I mentioned, the SharingProvider includes a number of other important methods for the sample application, and I encourage you to check out their implementations and the tests I wrote for how they impact the user interface. Note that the same code will work for macOS clients as well, with slight adjustments for differences in how notifications work on that platform. Build and run again. Not the answer you're looking for? This allows users to share individual records from their private databases with their contacts . CloudKit organizes data via a hierarchy of classes: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and CKRecord. In addition, they would see my two zones that I share with them and any other zones they are a participant on in their .shared database. Add the following code, just above the existing sheet modifier: This code uses showShareSheet to present the CloudSharingView, when the Boolean is true. catalogue of 50+ books and 4,000+ videos. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone. Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. Checks whether the object is shared. The last change I had to make was to be able to accept share invitations, which I do using this new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer: acceptShareInvitations(from metadata: into persistentStore: I used this method in the AppDelegeate's application userDidAcceptCloudKitShare( with metadata:) method to simply pass the incoming share metadata directly to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. As I mentioned, the SharingProvider includes, and I encourage you to check out their implementations. Add a destination. It is important to be aware that when a share recipient accepts a share they are actually receiving a reference to the original record in the owners private database. Page - Sharing data between User Controls without access to the Page class - Accessing data between user controls WPF - Passing data between user controls in wpf - Pass data between parent child user controls . This is a thorny problem with many gotchas and pitfalls, but users expect the feature, and expect it to work well. that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. Once set up, operations are passed to the CKDatabase object, where theyll be executed on a background thread. Here in Xcode, I've opened our sample application, Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects. was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. That method works for documents saved to the current iCloud account. To make it easy to build applications that use this shared data, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer has to also help us make sense of all of these objects so that we can build informative user interfaces for our users. Build and run. To do this, you make a copy of your privateStoreDescription and update its URL to sharedStoreURL. A paid developer account To use CloudKit. Swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, Unity, and more! Customizations like this necessarily require. These silent pushes happen entirely without user visibility or interaction, and as a result, dont require the user to enable push notification for your app, saving you many potential user-experience headaches as an app developer. Select CD_Destination. Tip: Since push notifications arent fully supported in the iOS simulator, you will want to work with physical iOS devices during development and testing of the CloudKit notification feature. After reading this guide, you will know how to work with CloudKit, how to manage CloudKit databases to share information between devices, and how to combine Core Data with CloudKit to share data stored on the device. The simple act of writing a record to the database is straightforward enough, but in my example, with multiple clients, this is where youll face the potential issue of handling a conflict when multiple clients attempt to write to the server concurrently. One user shows up as a Owner and the other as a Private User, with both users having Read-Write permissions. Apps can support such use cases by moving user data to CloudKit and implementing a data sharing flow that includes features like share management and access control. Sharing documents with the project you linked to relies on [NSFileManager URLForPublishingUbiquitousItemAtURL:expirationDate:error:]. fetchShares(matching objectIDs:) is new in iOS 15 and allows me to get the CKShare for a specific post. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device. You now see the shared entry on your second device. Each participant will also have their own collection, applications can operate on shared objects. Participants can have different roles and permissions that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects, which brings us to the second key concept: how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and CloudKit structure these shared objects. How can I change a sentence based upon input to a command? Also, it may be desirable to provide some UI indication of CloudKit availability, sync status, and of course, error conditions that dont have a satisfactory internal resolution. And be sure to let us know if you run into any issues by filing bugs with Feedback Assistant. I've already modified it to support sharing posts, I'm going to start by launching my application, and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner, I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"--. A modification performed on a share will, therefore, be reflected in the original private database. Now that you have the method to perform the share, you need to present the CloudSharingView when you tap the Share button. more complicated code than if I chose not to support sharing. And now I can see the new post. Owners create and share objects with a set of participants. Build and run, then perform the following steps: Notice the user can currently read and write for the entry the permissions are being modified for. Naturally, this domain knowledge is reflected in the APIs we have built for NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. It is important to be aware that this fetch operation must be executed on the shared cloud database instance of the app instead of the recipients private database. enum NSPersistentCloudKitContainer.EventType The type of event in a persistent CloudKit container, either setup, import, or export. I am not going to get very fancy in my example; I am using the modified field to declare that the most recent update wins. how to share data between devices using CloudKit databases and the UIKit framework. Finally, this test asks the MainViewController for its table cells, verifying that the ones I've included in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix and the cells that correspond to unshared objects don't. Clash between mismath's \C and babel with russian. It is capable of handling large file transfers seamlessly. Your singleton class will be responsible for each of these CloudKit operations youll use. Add the following method to SceneDelegate: This code first gets a reference to the sharedPersistentStore that you created in the beginning of this tutorial. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Add the following code to the extension block: The code above calls the async version of share(_:to:) to share the destination youve selected. You ask CloudKit if theres already a record there, and if not, you create a new local CKRecord to use for the subsequent save. Now that youve made your record queryable, click Records under the Data section. Once you add the destination, tap the destination to view DestinationDetailView. Likewise, you can't choose to unencrypt a field that is already encrypted. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. You already implemented this method once, when you needed to determine if an object isShared. Users may not be signed in, they may have disabled CloudKit for the app, they may be in airplane modethe list of exceptions goes on. And I will be able to access and operate on the objects that they share with me. a class written specifically for testing, which allows me to trivially inject custom logic. In theory, you needed only three steps. Next, add the following code below the // TODO: 3 comment: This code adds your shared NSPersistentStoreDescription to the container. but the resulting confidence and reliability are well worth it. Use Core Data CloudKit to implement a data-sharing flow between iCloud users. The solution is in CloudSharingController.swift. Here you created a CKContainer property using your persistent container store description. Apple has been adding data sharing into many of its first-party apps, including: Files Reminders Notes Calendar Photos Activities Find My Maps Music Health Accepting share invitations and fetching the shared data. Sync user data between multiple apps from the same developer. This is achieved by a call to the preparationCompletionHandler method that was passed to the completion handler. So that's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to combine the .private and .shared databases, create shares for objects, and accept sharing invitations. . Since CloudKits notifications are built on top of the iOS notification system, you have to be on the lookout for these conditions. From this screen, you can take a few actions. Another user will see a different set of zones. Navigate to AppDelegate.swift and youll see SceneDelegate is empty. After you have logged into the console, open CloudKit Database. There are two ways to share data via CloudKit: record sharing and zone sharing. Lets look now at a layer built on top of that to manage these operations in the context of a specific Note. Theres one minor bug with your app at the moment. Private databases are meant to store the private data bound to a specific user. Once youve completed that task, set showShareSheet, which presents CloudSharingView, to true. More importantly, you have a foundation for adding more advanced CloudKit functionality. For our purposes, a single view application containing a UITextView with the ViewController as its delegate will suffice. However, Apple strongly urges developers to use the operations rather than the convenience methods. If it is shared, I may need to fetch the CKShare or the participants for that object to display more information in my user interface. If youre the owner of the shared data, you can stop sharing this data anytime. Also, to change the sharing permissions because it doesnt work properly on a simulator. New in iOS 15 is acceptShareInvitations(from:into:completion:). Let's see that in action. In addition to this, you set databaseScope to .shared. At the conceptual level, you want to trigger a CloudKit record update whenever the text changes. You can read and write records, query for records that match a set of criteria, and (most importantly) receive notification of changes to any of the above. The first is the notion of a set of actors. Before an app can take advantage of CloudKit sharing, the CKSharingSupported key needs to be added to the project Info.plist file with a Boolean value of true. and operate on the objects I share with them. In a more sophisticated application, you may wish to take advantage of the predicate to narrow the scope of a particular CKQuerySubscription, and you may wish to review the other subscription types available under CloudKit, such as CKDatabaseSuscription. When this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:) gets executed. Stay active, close your rings, and have a great WWDC 2021. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. For example, I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Tap the Add Destination button. we can share the data our applications create. Join our team. That means we can't change our mind later and choose to encrypt fields that aren't already encrypted today in production. But you can also tell share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) to store objects in a specific shared zone by passing it a non-nil CKShare. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device as well. Search for jobs related to Cloudkit share data between users or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server. When the app comes up, youll notice the shared journal entry doesnt show up. Over 300 content creators. For example, if you want to extend this app to handle multiple Notes rather than just one, you could do so more readily (and with higher resulting performance) than if youd just used Apples convenience APIs. Once you add a destination, youll see it on the main screen like below. When storing data via CloudKit, CloudKit Console allows you to interact with the data in question and perform several other functions such as viewing logs. all of the shared objects into the local store. my application can access data in both stores. When a notification comes in that a record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase will do the heavy lifting of fetching the changes from CloudKit. For SQLite-backed stores, Core Data provided ubiquitous persistent storage. When you create a destination, the data is being persisted via Core Data locally in your app. Click Add Basic Index. Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. Implicit in all of this is that CloudKit may not always be available. Once the CloudKit schema is pushed to production, we can't change any of the field types. For your Note app, you can use the default container. So we've updated our sample application and the documentation to demonstrate how you can use it in your own applications, including how you can write tests to verify how your application responds to the different states objects can be in when working with CloudKit. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. At least one real device To send and accept share invitation(s). This is a cute trick in Swift that allows me to simply check if the provided objectID is in sharedObjectIDs. I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"-- and tap Done. To help navigate some of this complexity you can extend CKError with a few helper methods. So let's look at how I've changed my application to communicate these states and privileges. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. Is something like this (or even better) available with the new CloudKit? Both the CKShare and associated CKRecord object are then saved to the private database. For more information, check Apples video on Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. Go to the first device you created the share from, because you need to be the Owner to access the Share Options. So I'll tap Mail and then enter the information for my friends. The prior version of the record you tried to save. Our example use case is a simple note application with just a single note, for illustration purposes. With this code in place, build and run on your second device. that he is a Read-Only participant on the share. If I select the location attribute, I can see its configuration in the data model inspector on the right. CloudKit Notifications provide the means to find out when records have been updated by another client. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? Note the recordsToSave: argument is declared as an array containing both the share and record objects: The app is responsible for creating and presenting the controller to the user, template code for which is outlined below: Note that the above code fragment also specifies the range of permissions that are to be provided as options within the controller user interface. Heather, Jermaine, Percy, and Mary are all test accounts I regularly work with when I'm building sharing features. Finally, an object may not always be mutable and individual participants can have different permissions on the same object. Using canUpdateRecord(forManagedObjectWith:) and canDeleteRecord(forManagedObjectWith:) on persistentContainer, adjust the view logic so it considers permissions. When you app is opened with such a link, then you can download the CKRecord and you will have the file in a CKAsset. In many cases, it can infer where records belong based on the relationship they have to other objects. Next, I'll tap Mail and invite Jermaine and Mary. If a match returns, this object is already shared. Log in to your iCloud account on a real device. Well, let me show you. that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. for the view controller, completing the injection. if I change this line of code to use an existing share, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer will attempt to assign. Back in CoreDataStack.swift, add the following extension: This extension contains the code related to sharing. to test these decision points by injection. 2 Reviews. In a CloudKit database-- for example, the .private database-- NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone to store the objects an application creates. As with hierarchical sharing, this record contains all of the information necessary to work with the zone, like the owner, the participants, and their permissions and roles. Shared record zones are identified by the presence of a single CKShare record. Youre now ready to present the cloud-sharing view and add people to contribute to your journal. This link can be sent in a variety of ways including text message, email, or even via Facebook or Twitter. CloudKit supports both structured and bulk data. we have built in to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. You could use the recordId for this. For example, this user may have a private zone. Enabling CloudKit Syncing The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. I've had to make a number of changes to the user interface. It checks databaseScope and determines whether its private or shared. I left off the scaffolding for creating the sample data, but the test crafts a mixed set of managed objects that it identifies as shared or not shared by the presence of their objectID in this set. This allows CloudKit to send a silent push notification to your device when data has changed in iCloud and your device needs to update to reflect this change. Owners create and share objects with a set of participants. that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. that controls who can access these zones that I own. here, the shared store for my application. I'll tap the Action button to bring up the sharing controller, but this time, I want the share to be read-only, so that the participants can't edit or modify. Over time, however, Apple has addressed these issues. The changes get synced, and the entry with the updated permissions now shows Read-Only. Select recordName from the list and ensure the index type is Queryable. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. This involves the creation of a CKFetchRecordsOperation object using the record ID contained within the CKShareMetadata object. 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