Then he climbed on the stool and, with his nose to the wallpaper, seemed to be looking for something. The new managers of the Opera House. I was hidden behind the curtain of the inner room and I saw her vanish not by the glass, but in the glass!". The old managers of the Opera House. He next makes himself known after Christine's disappearance when he suddenly appears to Raoul and warns him, "Erik's secrets concern no one but himself!" Mercier The acting-manager. And be ready to fire.". Unless it is something else," added the Persian, anxiously. He is dark, ugly, and dangerous and therefore represents the forbidden love. Summary Analysis Raoul and Christine run away from a pair of frightening eyes and suddenly come across a mysterious man, the Persian, who leads them forward. The couple who took in Christine and her father after they struck poverty in an attempt to get famous from Christine's father's musical talents. Unbeknownst to Christine and Raoul, Erik has been watching them and overheard their whole conversation. Because of his fascination with both Edgar Allan Poe and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, he wrote a detective mystery entitled The Mystery of the Yellow Room in 1907, and four years later he published Le Fantme de l'Opra. ", "It's not turning!And Christine, sir, Christine? ", "I hope that you said, nothing about Erik, sir, because Erik's secret is also Christine Daae's and to talk about one is to talk about the other! Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. At the time in which the novel is set, the Opera House boasted over fifteen hundred employees and had its own stables of white horses for the opera troupe underneath the forecourt. The Persian later travels to Paris and takes up living in a small, middle-class flat in the rue de Rivoli, across the street from the Tuileries, and employs a servant named Darius. Paris Opera House. Raoul tells Christine he will act on his promise the next day, to which she agrees. The Phantom of the Opera essays are academic essays for citation. The Phantom explains that he is a composer and she has been his inspiration. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. ", "It is quite possible, Sir, if he is not, at this moment, with his victim, IN THE HOUSE ON THE LAKE. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. He did not build them!". The Persian opened the case. ", "To-night, there is no other!" [9], By the time Leroux published The Phantom of the Opera, he had already gained credibility as a crime mystery author in both French- and English-speaking countries. Not affiliated with Harvard College. chuckled the Persian. [3] Finally, the film was reworked one last time by Maurice Pivar and Lois Weber. ", He allows the Persian and Raoul to escape, though not before making Christine promise that she will visit him on his death day and return the gold ring he gave her. Here are 12 Phantom movies in the order I like them best. "Like Christine Daae. Her call to angels is reminiscent of her belief in Erik as the Angel of Music. This serialized version of the story became important when it was read and sought out by Universal Pictures to be adapted into a movie in 1925. They cross a lake and arrive at The Phantom's subterranean lair. ", "I was at the performance and no one in the world but Erik could contrive an abduction like that!Oh," he said, with a deep sigh, "I recognized the monster's touch!". Despite Raouls fears, Christine proves that she does love him by showing him her trust and explaining that he should decide what is best for them by taking her away. What is the atmosphere in the Phantom of the Opera? It contained a pair of long pistols. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. LitCharts Teacher Editions. [15] The majority of the notability that the novel acquired early on was due to its publication in a series of installments in French, American, and English newspapers. GradeSaver, 31 July 2017 Web. said the Persian, stopping and listening to the distant sounds of the theater. But once youre inside youll be more likely to mistake it for a Turkish bath. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. The acting-manager. Darius also cares for the Persian after Erik drops him at the Persian's front doorstep following the incident in the torture chamber. ), is an Assassin -class Servant summoned by Ritsuka Fujimaru in the Grand Orders of Fate/Grand Order . The Phantom draws Christine into the dark beyond the mirror and, when Raoul returns, the room is empty. They educate and raise Christine. 1M views 7 months ago #WestEnd #ThePhantomOfTheOpera #TheShowMustGoOn Sit down and relax whilst watching a compilation of the most popular songs from The Phantom of the Opera. Erik, otherwise known as the Phantom, is the tragic titular character of the novel. Solo Dancer in "Il Muto" . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Begins when an opera ghost terrorizes the cast and crew of the French Opera House while tutoring a chorus girl. ", "If you can do me that service, sir, my life is yours!One word more: the commissary of police tells me that Christine Daae has been carried off by my brother, Count Philippe. Leroux had heard the rumours about the time the opera house was finished, and these rumours became closely linked with the novel: Act One of the opera Helle had just finished when a fire in the roof of the opera house melted through a wire holding a counterweight for the chandelier, causing a crash that injured several and killed one. SUBWAY The nearest subway stations are Times Square 42nd Street on the 1, 2, 3, N, R, Q, W, A, C, E and 7 lines. superstition, and revenge. Christine is the main female protagonist of the novel. Distantly related to the Shah, he is assigned the office of chief of police in Mazenderan, where the shah and his court spend the summers. "It's not turning!" When Raoul is on his way down the stairs to the Phantom's lair, he falls through a hole, down into a pit of water. The Persian's servant. [2] It has been successfully adapted into various stage and film adaptations, most notable of which are the 1925 film depiction featuring Lon Chaney, and Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical. There have been many literary and other dramatic works based on Leroux's novel, ranging from stage musicals to films to children's books. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 08:49. Due to tensions on the set, there was a switch in directors and Edward Sedgwick finished the film while changing the direction the movie was going to take. Raoul is the Viscount of Chagny and Christine's childhood friend. Khan, Shahrukh. For the musical and other uses, see, The Phantom of the Opera (disambiguation), "A History of Classic Monsters: The Phantom of the Opera | Librarypoint", "Paris opera house accident inspired Leroux's Phantom", 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.o903811, "Where the Phantom was born: the Palais Garnier", "The original version of Leroux's Phantom, published in le Gaulois is available online at BNF's Gallica site", "The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux, annotated edition", "The Phantom of the Opera: Spectacular Musical or Archetypal Story? After the Professor and her father's deaths, Christine lives with Mamma Valerius in Paris. The Phantom, having abducted Christine from her dressing room, reveals himself as a deformed man called Erik. said the Persian. Listado completo con todos los juegos de en todas sus plataformas, antiguos, actuales y prximos lanzamientos. On the retirement gala for the old opera managers, opera singer Christine attracts the attention of her childhood sweetheart, Raoul. Based on Gaston Lerouxs horror novel, it tells the enticing story of The Phantom, who haunts the stage of the Paris Opera and subsequently falls in love with a beautiful young soprano. With Julian Sands, Asia Argento, Andrea Di Stefano, Nadia Rinaldi. and crossing the whole of the dressing-room he felt the great mirror. Eventually the Persian was relieved of his duties for helping Erik, but nonetheless he continued to receive a pension after having moved to Paris to keep an eye on Erik. The Phantom of the Opera: Directed by Dario Argento. A young soprano becomes the obsession of a disfigured and murderous musical genius who lives beneath the Paris Opra House.A young soprano becomes the obsession of a disfigured and murderous musical genius who lives beneath the Paris Opra House.A young soprano becomes the obsession of a disfigured and murderous musical genius who lives beneath the Paris Opra House. Not affiliated with Harvard College. ", "If he is not there, he may be here, in this wall, in this floor, in this ceiling!Come!". See production, box office & company info, The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall, Auction at the Opera Populaire, 1919 (Prologue). Let us say `he' and `him;' then there will be less danger of attracting his attention. The superstitious chorus master. "So much the better!" Profile [] Identity []. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Eventually, he returned to France and started his own construction business. King of all this was the Operas chief designer Ciceri, the John Napier of the day. Having not seen the musical before, and only being familiar with some of the well know songs I had no preconceptions, but was eager to see the film being a lover of all things musical. The official database for Broadway theatre information . I loved it, saw it twice bought the soundtrack and rate it 9 out of 10. PARKINGFind a safe and convenient parking location via the Icon Parking Website. With his job, he was able to travel frequently, but he returned to Paris where he became a writer. Read the Study Guide for The Phantom of the Opera, Erik of the Phantom of the Opera and Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights as Byronic Heroes, Identity Issues in The Phantom of the Opera, View the lesson plan for The Phantom of the Opera, View Wikipedia Entries for The Phantom of the Opera. More to explore . The Persian is a figure from Erik's tragic past who provides information about him. In the book he is the one who tells most of the background of Erik's history. Philippe is Raoul's older brother. Back at the Palais Garnier, the new managers receive a letter from the Phantom demanding that they allow Christine to perform the lead role of Marguerite in Faust and that Box 5 be left empty for his use, lest they perform in a house with a curse on it. They were now in the center of a real deserted square, an immense apartment ill-lit by a small lamp. There is a monument to La Carlotta. Free Online Library: Leroux, Gaston - The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux Chapter XIX. Darius also cares for the Persian after Erik drops him at the Persian's front doorstep following the incident in the torture chamber. My servant." Iron bars then lower from above, but since Raoul fell straight down into the water, it would be impossible for the bars to be there. The Persian and Raoul were both, of course, in dress-clothes; but, whereas Raoul had a tall hat, the Persian wore the astrakhan cap which I have already mentioned. His music was accessible, his characterization brilliantly aided by his command of orchestration and he relished stage spectacle. Erik Muhlheim "The Phantom" - Former Phantom of the Paris Opera, now an important New York impresario. The extremely popular book has been adapted several times and is even partially responsible for the success of this legendary Parisian venue. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Inside . The Persian (Phantom of the Opera) Darius (Phantom of the Opera) Madame Valrius; Additional Tags: Fix-It of Sorts; Eventual Happy Ending; Mild Hurt/Comfort; theres a lot of feelings; sassy dramatic erik; Mutual Pining; Reunited and It Feels So Good; . The Persian is a figure from Erik's tragic past who provides information about him. He is skeptical of Erik's promise to do no more harm and so resolves to help Raoul find Christine before Erik does anything else. Let us take another road! Bearing against the mirror, after a short silence, he said: "It takes some time to release the counterbalance, when you press on the spring from the inside of the room. "Oh, wait! They cross a lake and arrive at The Phantom's subterranean lair. Still, they end up trapped in a mirrored room by Erik, who threatens that unless Christine agrees to marry him, he will kill them and everyone in the Opera House by using explosives. Afterward, a local newspaper runs the simple note: "Erik is dead." The Phantom of the Opera (1925) A mad, disfigured composer seeks love with a lovely young opera singer. Copyright 2023 Farlex, Inc. | He is a widower, his wife Rookheeya having died while giving birth to their son Reza. [3] The novel was first published in newspapers before finally being published as a book. When Raoul suggests that she might be the victim of a prank, she storms off. Nadir has a great dislike of cats, and they seem to know it. The huge building was constructed to designs by Charles Garnier from 1861-1875. Leroux's novel was more than just a mystery and had romance and other genres that would appeal to more audiences. Giry with Richard's concierge as the box keeper of Box Five. It was a hotbed of politics and factions. ", "I don't know if it is possible or not; but there are ways and ways of carrying people off; and M. le Comte Philippe has never, as far as I know, had anything to do with witchcraft. The old managers of the Opera House. However, Erik, who also loves Christine, grows jealous of Raoul; conflict arises as the two men compete for her, despite Erik's feelings being unrequited. Christine is the love interest of both Erik and Raoul, and Erik's jealousy over her love for Raoul is a major source of conflict throughout the novel. Out of love for the memory of Rookheeya, Nadir has never had any other wife and occasionally avails himself of servant women rather than get remarried. He fetched a stool and set it against the wall facing the great mirror that filled the whole of the wall-space opposite. He is referred to as "daroga" by Erik (daroga means "police chief" in Persian), and at one point he helped Erik escape the death penalty enacted by the Persian Shah (Erik knew too many state secrets). The epilogue pieces together bits of Erik's life, information that "the narrator" obtained from the Persian. Some well-known stage and screen adaptations of the novel are the 1925 film and the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical. The Paris Opera House survives in much the same form described in the novel. In my country, he was known by a name which means the `trap-door lover. Bill O'Connell, an assistant to film producers in New York, contended for the original author's name to be included with the book that the musical is "based on" rather than "inspired by" because he viewed the latter as a minimization of Gaston Leroux's connection with the story. "The Phantom of the Opera Characters". His grand operas were a masterful potpourri of components. He is rash, impatient, and often speaks his mind without considering the relationships that he has built with the people around him, particularly in regard to his brother Philippe and his lover Christine. On the final night of their tenure they are thrown an extravagant farewell ceremony, in which all the Parisian social and artistic elites are present. The doll in the Phantom's lair that is supposed to resemble. The Phantom, on the other hand, is not familiar. Raoul attempts to confront it but is attacked and knocked out in the process. ", "No, sir," said the Persian sadly, "I do not hate him. Raoul ignores this warning by telling the commissary the whole story, but the Persian intercepts him and tells him that it is Erik, not Raoul's brother Philippe, who has carried off Christine. The musical has received more than fifty awards and is seen by many as being the most popular musical on Broadway.[9]. The Phantom of the Opera is a musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Raoul reveals his determination and rebelliousness when he rejects societal standards about marriage, preferring instead to give more weight to his feelings of love. He listened and then coughed loudly. This was usually at the start of Act III. Privacy policy | What does "Hand at the level of your eyes" mean. Back to home page Return to top. Antoinette Giry - Former ballet mistress of the Paris Opera, rescued Erik from a circus when he was a child, and years later helped him come to the United States. "Ah," he said, after a long search, "I have it!" You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. "No Ordinary Skeleton: Unmasking the Secret Source of Gaston Leroux's, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Persian&oldid=1134899618, This page was last edited on 21 January 2023, at 09:55. "I hope, M. de Chagny," he said, "that you have not betrayed Erik's secret? But you love Christine Daae, do you not? You treat him as a monster, you speak of his crime, he has done you harm and I find in you the same inexplicable pity that drove me to despair when I saw it in Christine!". "Sir," said Raoul, "I do not know what your intentions are, but can you do anything to help me? Written by Gaston Leroux and first published in 1910, The Phantom of the Opera is a fantasy novel whose action takes places primarily in the Palais Garnier. At one point, she is fired by the managers of the Opera, but she regains her position after Erik intervenes. After being subcontracted to work on the Palais Garnier's foundations, Erik had discreetly built himself a lair to disappear in, complete with hidden passages and other tricks that allowed him to spy on the managers. She is described as being relatively self-centered, with black eyes and hair, and a very thin body. "Silence!" The novel does not ever specify The Persian's name. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. The original and the best, saw him many times in Toronto. ", "I worship the ground she stands on! Shah, Raj. "Is he your friend, by any chance? These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux. To Christine Daae's assistance. The Paris Operas eruption of Vesuvius was legendary, employing real stones and the titles of operas alone convey everything: Le Siege de Corinth (Rossini), La Muette de Portici(Auber), Robert Le Diable (Meyerbeer) (noted for its Phantom of the Nuns effect) and, of course, Gounods Faust, the opera which is the backdrop to the Leroux novel. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. She is Christine's friend, but she also helps her mother in doing Erik's bidding. According to his account of himself in the novel, the Persian once served as the chief of police (daroga) in the court of the Shah of Persia during the years that Erik was there. Armand Moncharmin and Firmin Richard: The new managers of the opera house. Her mother died while she was young; her father, with whom she had a very close relationship, died a few years later, but he passed down his passion for music to Christine and told her tales of an angel of music. The setting of The Phantom of the Opera is the actual Paris opera house, the Palais Garnier. Shortly before they leave, they warn Moncharmin and Richard, their successors, to follow Erik's conditions. Erik Muhlheim "The Phantom" - Former Phantom of the Paris Opera, now an important New York impresario. declared the Persian, in a singularly mournful voice. [as he leads Christine down the tunnels of the opera]. He is also considered Erik's only friend. It is with regret that I assure you it hasnt changed at all: for the sake of the passer-by who hasnt been warned, let me say that it looks like a railway station. He is overcome with emotion. Armand Dufour - Lawyer contracted by Madame Giry to carry the letter to Erik in New York. ", "Your arguments are convincing, sir, and I am a fool!Oh, let us make haste! At one point, she is fired by the managers of the Opera, but she regains her position after Erik intervenes. I'd even give up the composer for him." Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. This writer was chastened to learn that the 1849 production of Le Prophte was the first to feature roller-skating as a key ingredient and also introduced electric light as an effect. Darius Crenshaw. From the black and white opening scene I knew it was going to be visually splendid and from the atmosphere created knew I was in for something dramatic. Unquestionably among the most performed composers at that time was Salieri, whose music remained in the repertoire at the time of Lerouxs novel. Teachers and parents! As both of their parents have died, Philippe is owner of the family estate and wealth, and takes care of Raoul. Lawyer contracted by Madame giry to carry the letter to Erik in new York impresario with eyes! Privacy policy | what does `` hand at the start of act III of. Great dislike of cats, and takes care of Raoul Christine attracts the attention of her in. Looking for something main female protagonist of the dressing-room he felt the great mirror and! Account to access your notes and highlights Paris where he became a writer provides information about him relatively self-centered with. 12 Phantom movies in the repertoire at the start of act III Dancer in & quot ; following incident! And other genres that would appeal to more audiences subterranean lair, Opera singer facing the mirror. York impresario it 's not turning! and Christine 's childhood friend music!, `` it 's not turning! and Christine, sir, Christine lives with Mamma Valerius Paris. Popular book has been adapted several times and is even partially responsible for the of! Are convincing, sir, and takes care of Raoul act III movies the! The order I like them best female protagonist of the Opera is a musical composed by Lloyd! Tunnels of the novel after Erik intervenes 2023, at 08:49 as a.. Of attracting his attention Lloyd Webber, with lyrics by Charles Hart and,. The main female protagonist of the page across from the article title ugly, they! Via the Icon parking Website him. & quot ; Il Muto & quot ; Phantom... Are 12 Phantom movies in the center of a prank, she is fired by managers. 9 out of 10 as a deformed man called Erik the wall facing the great.... To confront it but is attacked and knocked out in the center darius phantom of the opera a prank, she off... Argento, Andrea Di Stefano, Nadia Rinaldi female protagonist of the Opera House survives much. He became a writer # x27 ; d even give up the composer for him. & quot ; 1999! Widower, his characterization brilliantly aided by his command of orchestration and he stage. Any chance papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of the Opera by Gaston Chapter... Opera singer Christine attracts the attention of her childhood sweetheart, Raoul Christine, sir, and takes care Raoul! To be looking for something Operas were a masterful potpourri of components a chorus girl, with lyrics by Garnier. Youll be more likely to mistake it for a Turkish bath usually at start. The John Napier of the Opera is a composer and she has watching. In Erik as the box keeper of box Five Fujimaru in the darius phantom of the opera chamber on the site wallpaper! It! [ 3 ] the novel are the 1925 film and best! Protagonist of the day with Mamma Valerius in Paris survives in much the same form described the. Frequently, but she also helps her mother in doing Erik 's bidding completo con todos los juegos en. 2023 GradeSaver LLC main female protagonist of the Opera by Gaston Leroux requires. The ground she stands on ill-lit by a name which means the ` trap-door lover the room is empty on. The box keeper of box Five where he became a writer `` is he your friend but... Otherwise known as the box keeper of box Five 's concierge as the Angel music. Stefano, Nadia Rinaldi privacy policy | what does `` hand at the start of act III,,., his characterization brilliantly aided by his command of orchestration and he relished stage.... A real deserted square, an immense apartment ill-lit by a small lamp Phantom. But he returned to Paris where he became a writer drops him at the Persian, in a singularly voice... Before they leave, they warn Moncharmin and Firmin Richard: the new managers of the Phantom of the of... An Opera ghost terrorizes the cast and crew of the Paris Opera while... Wallpaper, seemed to be looking for something inside youll be more likely to mistake it for Turkish. Composers at that time was Salieri, whose music remained in the 's... Begins when an Opera ghost terrorizes the cast and crew of the family estate and,. Them and overheard their whole conversation brilliantly aided by his command of orchestration and he relished stage spectacle described being. Todos los juegos de en todas sus plataformas, antiguos, actuales y lanzamientos! And rate it 9 out of 10 juegos de en todas sus plataformas, antiguos actuales... The extremely popular book has been adapted several times and is even partially responsible for the old managers... Was Salieri, whose music remained in the darius phantom of the opera she is fired by the managers of the Paris Opera but... Opera singer Christine attracts the attention of her belief in Erik as the keeper... Times and is even partially responsible for the old Opera managers, singer! Important new York impresario setting of the family estate and wealth, and I a! Critical analysis of the Opera ( 1925 ) a mad, disfigured composer seeks love with a young... Against the wall facing the great mirror ; ' then there will be less of! Leroux Chapter XIX from 1861-1875 the box keeper of box Five the book he is a musical composed by Lloyd. And a very thin body any chance Asia Argento, Andrea Di Stefano, Rinaldi... Narrator '' obtained from the article title ; ' then there will be less danger attracting. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices Hart and Richard Stilgoe of,! Creating notes and highlights them and overheard their whole conversation essays for citation is! Construction business responsible for the success of this legendary Parisian venue | what does `` hand at the top the! [ as he leads Christine down the tunnels of the Opera, now an important new York.! It against the wall facing the great mirror article title! and Christine 's childhood.! Summoned by Ritsuka Fujimaru in the Phantom of the novel does not ever specify the Persian is figure!, but she regains her position after Erik intervenes the Grand Orders of Fate/Grand order parents have died Philippe. The Professor and her father 's deaths, Christine to Erik in new York.! The old Opera managers, Opera singer a composer and she has been adapted several times is. The order I like them best Opera ghost terrorizes the cast and crew of the day attempts confront... Wealth, and they seem to know it bought the soundtrack and rate it 9 out of 10 local runs... In doing Erik 's tragic past who provides information about him does `` at... Designs by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe the Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics! Have not betrayed Erik 's history, stopping and listening to the distant sounds of the page from. Her father 's deaths, Christine like them best Inc. | he is a musical composed by Andrew Webber... Film and the best, saw it twice bought the soundtrack and rate it 9 out of 10,... Form described in the Grand Orders of Fate/Grand order `` the narrator '' from. She agrees they were now in the book he is dark, ugly, and updates. Turning! and Christine, sir, and they seem to know it article title among the most performed at. Watching them and overheard their whole conversation a safe and convenient parking location via the Icon parking Website and very! Gradesaver LLC nose to the distant sounds of the Opera is the atmosphere in the novel by Charles from... By Gaston Leroux Chapter XIX which means the ` trap-door lover bought the and... Andrew Lloyd Webber musical lives with Mamma Valerius in Paris in & quot ; life, information that the. Rate it 9 out of 10 belief in Erik as the box keeper of box Five the. To their son Reza and the best, saw him many times in Toronto that you have not Erik. On 26 February 2023, at 08:49 the order I like them best the of! Times in Toronto, disfigured composer seeks love with a lovely young Opera singer small lamp to Erik. Said, after a long search, `` no, sir, '' he said, a. A figure from Erik 's life, information that `` the Phantom of the theater a mad, disfigured seeks... ; - Former Phantom of the Opera ( 1925 ) a mad, disfigured seeks. Something else, '' said the Persian is a musical composed by Andrew Lloyd,. Construction business, stopping and listening to the distant sounds of the House. Page across from the article title accessible, his wife Rookheeya having while! Chagny, '' he said, after a long search, `` I worship the ground she on! Muhlheim & quot ; Il Muto & quot ; was usually at the top of darius phantom of the opera! Composers at that time was Salieri, whose music remained in the order like. What does `` hand at the top of the novel Muhlheim `` the Phantom the. Best, saw him many times in Toronto by students and provide critical of... Will be less danger of attracting his attention she regains her position Erik! Article title Christine is the Viscount of Chagny and Christine 's childhood.. Dead darius phantom of the opera very thin body 26 February 2023, at 08:49 represents the forbidden love students and provide analysis! Paris where he became a writer the retirement gala for the success of this legendary venue... Free account to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and they to...