Via Grosvenor Estates, the 62-year-old Duke is the richest property developer in the UK. He owns 100,000 acres in Scotland but sold the 15 bedroom Lochmore Lodge in Sutherland, once used by Prince Charles and Diana, last year. The Duke also owns estates in Canada and Spain and is said to be worth 7.8billion. It was enlarged again in the late 18th century with the addition of an English-style garden. The Theobalds Estate on the Hertfordshire-Middlesex border was another acquisition of Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland. The 10th Duke of Roxburghe has died at the age of 64 following a lengthy battle with cancer, his family has announced. 6ORN){]
Gw2S8h1f1 >l*RqA*Q59@}$K;hl4}CT/i]XCQ$\ Its territory was sandy and marshy and full of woods and heath, so was often a preferred hunting ground for Dutch nobles. with the carriages being drawn by horses. The Duke of Newcastle was incredibly interested in the equestrian arts, and it has been exciting to see English Heritage restoring and recreating his horse riding school at Bolsover in the past two decades. Best Price (Room Rates) Guarantee Check all reviews, photos, contact number & address of Duke of Portland Boathouse on the shore of Lake . Lord William was appointed at a young age as governor of Madras in India, 1803-07, but was pulled back to Europe at the height of the Napoleonic wars and given command as Lieutenant-General of British troops in Sicily and representative of British interests on that islandnotably to keep it out of the hands of Napoleons sister and brother-in-law, the Murats, now occupying the throne of Naples just across the straits. It was sold by his heirs to Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland, who made it one of his principal residences, and indeed died there in 1709. In 1881, before she turned twenty, Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck married Lord Glamis (Claude Bowes-Lyon), heir to the Scottish earldom of Strathmore and Kinghorne. Much further to the north, Bothal Castle was part of the Ogle succession that had fallen to the Cavendishes by marriage in the 1590s. In the 20th century, several of them served in high positions with the household of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands (reigned 1890 to 1948), two as Chamberlain and two (father and son) as Master of the Horse. Included in this gallery are grand manor houses with a lot of history too. endobj
Today, it is run by English Heritage and has been the subject of extensive restoration, including the riding school. A Highland fling with the Dukes ofGordon, Lost Princes of France: The Courtenays, from Latin Emperors to Earls ofDevon. William was succeeded by his son, Henry in 1709, and within seven years Henry had been elevated to the titles Marquess of Titchfield and Duke of Portland. View more posts. The new Duke was named a Gentleman of the Bedchamber in 1717, and Governor of Jamaica in 1722, where he died in 1726. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. for locomotive traffic with the first engine being constructed by
But it is no longer Bentinck property, having been sold to a local shipping family (Van Hoboken) in 1830. Shadow Song 10. 4th Earl of Kilmarnock, who had been executed for the part he
The junior line, lords of t Velde, got a step up as its founder, Hendrick, acted as Steward of the lands of the Duke of Guelders in the Veluwe. The Duke of Portland The honour of having the first railway in Scotland belongs to Ayrshire. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 594.96 842.04] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
Visited by thousands every year, the castle was the stand-in for "Duneagle" in the . Henrietta married the Marquis of Titchfield - later the 4th Duke of Portland - in 1795. Connect with the University of Nottingham through social media and our blogs. Bentinck would later deliver important messages from William to his uncle (and now father-in-law) King James in the 1680s, and was key in organising ships and funds for William to mount his invasion of Britain in November 1688. Duke sets sights on estate expansion - Monday interview: Duke of Roxburghe. His descendants were also recognised as counts in the United Kingdom in 1886, then died out in 1938. My ancestors came from Germany to the American colonies in the 18th century and I am a proud Virginian. The English ducal branch added the historic name Cavendish in the early 19th century, and one of its daughters, Nina Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck, became the much lesser known grandmother of Queen Elizabeth II. Lord William took it upon himself to encourage the liberal aspirations of the people of Sicily, much to the annoyance of their Bourbon king and queen, Ferdinand and Maria Carolina. died, and Henrietta's husband became the 4th Duke of
The twin free lordships of Kniphausen and Varel were ruled as an autonomous county within the Duchy of Oldenburg by the Bentincks for the rest of the 18th century. endobj
1682, at the Hague, died in Jamaica, 4 July 1726, and was buried 3 Nov. 1726 in the Duke of Ormonde's vault in Westminster Abbey. A decade later, he was sent back to India, first as Governor of Bengal, 1828, then as the first Governor-General of India, 1834-35. The 4th Duke sold Balcomie but increased the Ayrshire estates by purchase, notably Fullarton in 1803. In the next year, he lent his name to a Whig coalition led by Charles James Fox and Lord North as titular Prime Minister (actually First Lord of the Treasury) for 8 monthsthough significantly, it was during this year (1783) that his government signed the Treaty of Paris recognising the independence of the United States of America. Henrietta Scott, the daughter of General John Scott of Balgonie. Almost all the males in the family were named William (in honour of their original patron in England), but usually went by their second name; in this case he used William, while his older brother the Duke was William Henry, and his younger brother, William Charles, used Charles (see below). It was the seat of the Ogle family for about two centuries (created barons in 1461), then passed via Cavendish to Cavendish-Bentinck, who restored it in the mid-19th century. Contents Since the early 17th century a large part of rural South of Scotland has been owned by the Duke of Buccleuch and his ancestors. The Portland family owned the estate until a period of sales commencing in the 1790's. It is one of the jewels in the crown of English Heritage. He married a grand-daughter of the 6th Duke of Richmond, Ivy Gordon-Lennox, and they had two daughters. The estate was granted to the Montagu family in 1540 by King Henry VIII, having remained in the family until it came under royal ownership from 1938. A8083 13. Following the French Revolution, the Whig Party fractured, and those who were not in favour of such rapid liberal advances shifted to support the more conservative William Pitt, led by the Duke of Portland (these became known as the Portland Faction). In 1767, the 9th Earl married Mary Bowes, the heiress of a wealthy London businessman, and the family name became hyphenated. She persuaded her husband to devote significant funds to improving the lives of miners on his Nottinghamshire estates. and its surrounding countryside. Following the restoration, the estate was restored. The familys prominence at court was maintained after his death by his second wife (Jane Temple), who was appointed governess of the daughters of the Prince of Wales (the future King George II), and by his son, the 1st Duke of Portland (below). the firm that sponsored the duke's Scottish Seniors Open - was hit by the housing slowdown. Nottingham, NG7 2NR, telephone: +44 (0) 115 951 4565 After a legal case at The Hague in 1781, Charlotte Sophie was confirmed as Doorwerth's owner. In 1538, the monastery was dissolved and given by the Crown to Richard Walley of Screveton, and was later purchased (1599) by the 7th Earl of Shrewsbury and resold in 1607 to his half-brother Charles Cavendish. and was very well informed about their condition. Enjoy. Since then the estate has continued to be handed down through the family. <>
In the mid-18th century, following the breakdown of Charlotte Sophie's marriage to William Bentinck, 1st Count Bentinck (1704-1774), the ownership of Doorwerth was claimed by her eldest son and grandson. But the Duke did not entertain. Welbeck passed down through the Cavendishes into the Portland line of descent, and ultimately became the main seat of the Dukes of Portland. He notably served as Master of the Horse between 1886 and 1892 and again between 1895 and 1905. The title was revived the very next year by William III, following his accession to the throne in the 'Glorious Revolution'. The first documented ancestor is Johan or Jan Bentinck, who owned land in a region known as the Veluwe, a gentle hilly region that formed the northern part of the duchy of Gelderland (or Guelders). It was eventually leased to the Glasgow &
The younger sons, Lord George and Lord Henry both became fairly influential members of the newly founded Conservative Party in the 1840s. The rails were cast iron fixed to
He notably served as Master of the Horse between 1886 and 1892 and again between 1895 and 1905. The tunnels connected the main house to the kitchen gardens, stables and a large riding houseequipped with gas lighting! Buccleuch Estate Records. 'Bulstrode Hall, Buckinghamshire', by Corbould, published 1787. Shortly after this first wife (called Georgiana Seymour) died, Lord Charles eloped with his friend Sir William Abdys wife; they divorced; and Charles and Anne (herself an illegitimate daughter of the Marquess of Wellesley, the Duke of Wellingtons brother) married. Not forgetting superb wildfowling and ground game opportunities. between Kilmarnock and Troon. Hans Bentinck came to England with
These lands were estimated (in 2008, when the last of these grand-daughters died) as 17,000 acres in Nottinghamshire (roughly 3% of the county) and 62,000 acres in Scotland. >C[(E|zVsA!V|> R*286q!7{W.%:$ O7/&*qmz9ivm9('P ?Q(D+4hU-Sw Their intense friendship deepened from then, though the jury is still out over whether this developed into a sexual relationship. It became the chief residence of the dukes of Portland after the sale of Bulstrode in 1811, and then significantly altered by the 5th Duke, as we shall see below. 'Welbeck, Nottinghamshire', by T. Malton, published 1788. The Duke of Fife in 1986 Credit: Photo: Allan Warren. Only the garden centre and a newly built art gallery is open to the public. One of Scotland's largest landowners, the Duke of Buccleuch and his family, is to sell nearly 9,000 acres of their rolling Borders Estate for more than 19 million. It is frustratingly closed to visitors. In this short time, he managed to modernise the government administration of Bengal and abolish the monopoly of trade enjoyed the East India Company. The same is true for the castle further to the north at Kniphausen. Fascinating. In Swabia, they inherited the lordship of Gaildorf, once part of the ancient imperial County of Limpurg (northeast of Stuttgart)here they possessed an Old Schloss, built in the late 15th century, and later constructed a New Schloss, sometimes called the Bentinck Palace, which served as a summer retreat for the family until it was confiscated in 1918 (and now serves as the town hall). Hans Willem Bentinck was one of the leading supporters of Williams accession to the English and Scottish thrones; created earl of Portland, his son was elevated further as duke of Portland in 1716. William Bentinck of Terrington became a Vice-Admiral in the British Navy and was governor of the Caribbean island of St Vincent, 1798-1802. It has a further 11,000-acre estate in the English Midlands. William Henry Cavendish Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland PC (24 June 1768 - 27 March 1854) was a British politician who served in various positions in the governments of George Canning and Lord Goderich. Hans Bentinck came to England with
his accession to the title, William took a warm interest in them
endobj
Hospital Song 14. The children of the Dukes of Portland, and those granted the rank of Duke's children, bore the title Lord/Lady before their Christian names.. Hans Willem Bentinck, cr 1689 Earl of Portland, Viscount Woodstock and Baron of Cirencester (20 Jul 1649-Bulstrode . His residence, Huis t Velde, was an old moated manor house rebuilt by the Bentincks, located east of Warnsveld in another region of Gelderland, Zutphen. PORTLAND; BENTINCK . He was noted for
The two lordships were joined together as a county by the Emperor in 1653. It was thus a Cavendish-Holles-Harley heiress who became the 2nd Duchess of Portland. Lord Clare was created Duke of Newcastle in 1694. Hans Willem Bentincks eldest surviving son, Henry, carried on the family legacy as a chief supporter of the Whig political agenda in Britainthat is a limited, Protestant monarchyand was therefore created 1st Duke of Portland by the new Hanoverian regime in 1716. played in the Jacobite uprising of 1745. and its surrounding countryside. A majority of Highland estates that changed hands last year were sold in secret, and nearly half went to absentee owners rushing to buy rural land for . The Holles succession might have included the very grand Wimpole Hall in Cambridgeshire, purchased by John Holles in 1710, but it was sold by his son-in-law the 2nd Earl of Oxford in 1740 to pay off debts. It sits within an area known as the Dukeries. daughter of the Earl of Errol and granddaughter of William Boyd the
Besides the streets and squares in London bearing his family names, he also gave his name to Portland Inlet and Bentinck Channel along the coast of British Columbia. He drove the French out of Genoa and restored its ancient republic (again, instead of returning it to the king of Sardinia, as instructed). discovered that the 6th Duke of Portland had feued 9 plots of land to build 9 houses on the west side of Grange Terrace in Kilmarnock. <>/Metadata 98 0 R/ViewerPreferences 99 0 R>>
Just like the Dukes, you won't want to leave! between Kilmarnock and Troon. The Harleys main residence was the more modern Brampton Bryan Hall (also in Herefordshire). The Portland Estate in Soho Fields In 1698 the first Earl of Portland was granted by the King the freehold of most of Soho Fields and of a smaller piece of ground in St. James's parish, in reversion from 1734. Lord Fredericks two grandsons both had interesting marriages: one, to one of the aristocratic Livingstons of New York (and left daughters who remained there), and another to an illegitimate daughter of the Earl St Maur (heir to the Duke of Somerset), Ruth St Maur, a suffragette and socialist, and one of the founders of the Womens Library in 1909. In 1809 the 3rd Duke
The Duchess, Margaret Harley, was better known than her husband, as a prominent bluestocking (the name for a circle of women intellectuals in this period) famous for her botanical gardens and her museum at Bulstrode, noted above. Sir Charles began the process of rebuilding the castle, which was to be continued by his son, William, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne. Lord Oxford sold Wimpole, and on his death in 1741 the Harley estates in Herefordshire (Brampton Bryan etc.) The estate passed to William's son, Charles A. Bentinck (1810-1891) and was sold by him in 1837 to Baron J.A.P. When he died in 1711, his estates went to his daughter Henrietta who married another politician, Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Mortimer (son of the more famous first minister of Queen Anne), though the name Holles and the title Newcastle went to his nephew, Thomas Pelham. especially fond of his lands and farms around Troon and to this day
He had no sons, but from a second marriage left three daughters: the eldest of these was Nina Cecilia, who seems to have preferred Cecilia, but Id love to know for certain. The estate passed down through the Portland line of descent and was a favoured residence of Margaret, Duchess of Portland, wife of the 3rd Duke, who frequently entertained King George III, Queen Charlotte and their family there. Estates According to the will of the Duke of Bridgewater, the Egerton estates passed on the death of the first Duke of Sutherland to his third son Lord Francis Leveson-Gower, who changed his surname to Egerton by Royal license. 2 0 obj
d8T,@b3G~KwDtlzo3QuOMmSu=|*N1N*A This information will help us make improvements to the website. The King of Self Pity 7. But he was pushed out of politics in the next reign due to his personal animosity with Princess Anne of Great Britain, now Dowager Princess of Orange and Regent for her son, Willem V. In 1732, William Bentinck van Rhoon had been created Count of the Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Charles VI, to raise his rank so that it would be equal to his future bride, Countess Charlotte Sophie of Aldenburg. Duke of Buccleuch Richard Scott Estate Buccleuch Estates 2017/18 subsidies 2m Mahdi al-Tajir Estate Blackford 2017/18 subsidies 1.636m Scott's wealth has been estimated at about. The 3rd Duke was
His son James, the 14th Earl of Glencairn, sold the estate to Henrietta, 'the rich Miss Scott', eldest daughter of General John Scott of Balcomie, Fife in 1786. It took the form of
nuna revv stroller compatibility accounts krafton com claim best tasting menus toronto duke of devonshire estate office eastbourne 25 Feb/23 (No Ratings Yet) He lives in Aberdeenshire. Portland. email: mss-library@nottingham.ac.uk. The Duke of Buccleuch has been selling off parts of his vast estate in recent years The continued dominance of the private estates in rural Scotland can't be underestimated, and they often. and was very well informed about their condition. 3 0 obj
She was the daughter of Reverend Charles Bentincks younger brother, Lieutenant-General Arthur Cavendish-Bentinck. The Bentinck family vault was established in the parish church of Marylebone, first in a new church built in the 1740s, at the northern end of Marylebone High Street (demolished in 1949), and then in a newer church built by celebrated architect Thomas Hardwick in about 1815. Against the wishes of his own British government, he helped a group of Sicilian nobles take control of the court of Palermo in1812, forcing the King to abdicate in favour of his son Francis, and even introduced a liberal constitution (which, amongst other things, abolished feudalismfinally). He contested this, and in 1818 was allowed a limited degree of sovereignty in Kniphausen and Varel, mostly concerning internal administration and external trade. Much of the oldest parts burned in 1900 and were rebuilt. There were heated trucks to deliver food through the tunnels. Hendrick also took on the important post of Drost of Salland, sort of equivalent in English to a local sheriff or seneschal. At Buccleuch, we are dedicated to supporting the communities we live and work within, respecting the environment, and contributing to rural culture through our heritage for generations to come. died, and Henrietta's husband became the 4th Duke of
Scotland is also well known for its castles. And theres more: the senior line of Bentinck van Diepenheim and Schoonheten were also confirmed as barons of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1814, but they had already sold the castle of Diepenheim in 1813 (today the private estate of the De Vos van Steenwijk familycousins and neighbours of the Bentincks since the 15th century). Titchfield Abbey had been founded by Premonstratensian monks in the 1220s, and was a frequent resting point for royalty travelling between London and Winchesteras well as the site of a royal wedding in 1445, between Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou. An interesting webpage about the Welbeck tunnels: https://www.derelictplaces.co.uk/threads/welbeck-tunnels-notts-september-2016.33961/. His son predeceased him in the 1960s, and with no male heir when he died in 1990, the dukedom ceased to exist. Simplified family tree showing the line of descent of the Earls and Dukes of Portland(click to open in PDF format), Family tree of the Bentinck family, Counts of the Holy Roman Empire (click to open in PDF format), Biographies of the Earls and Dukes of Portland, Kings Meadow CampusLenton Lane stream
passed to a cousin, but his widow continued in possession of the Welbeck estates, which on her death in 1755 passed to her daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley. (4) He obtained an Act of Parliament to make Troon's Harbour commercial with wet . %
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6-wn(5] The Bentincks did not hold on to it very long and sold it in the 1740s. There was also gas lighting in the tunnels themselves, as well as some skylights. BZ,_nN]mr10k Born in 1768, William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck succeeded as 4th Duke of Portland in 1809, on the death of his father, sometime Prime Minister and Whig leader. Originally created by James I as a hunting park, the house was a significant royal palace. The rails were cast iron fixed to
His second wife, Catherine, Baroness Ogle, brought the Bothal (Northumberland) estates. Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, GB/NNAF/F86113 (Former ISAAR ref: GB/NNAF/F9541 ), Cavendish-Bentinck family, Dukes of Portland. In 1904, Claude and Cecilia succeeded as 14th Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and raised their large brood of children (10) at Glamis Castle in Angus, or at estates in County Durham (Gibside Hall) or Hertfordshire (the enormous country seat of St Pauls Walden Bury, between Luton and Stevenage). The Bentinck estates were, however, largely disposed of by sale in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The rugged landscape of the Queensberry Estate is the ideal location for windfarms and Buccleuch have helped facilitate these in the local area, including the two turbines now owned by the community group Propel.In addition, the former opencast mine site at Glenmuckloch has potential for a pumped storage hydro system. He inherited the Kilmarnock estate in 1795 when he married
Ferdinand spent a long career as a senior colonial official in East Africa, mostly in Kenya, from the 1920s to the 1950s. After the Second World War, Welbeck was leased by the Portlands to the Ministry of Defence and was used as an army training college until 2005. The Duchess was also an early animal rights activist and vegetarian. On his death the title passed to Timothy Charles Robert Noel Bentinck, the 12th Earl who is likely to be succeeded by his son, William, the present Viscount Woodstock. name to Cavendish-Bentinck when, in 1766, he married the Dorothy
The Duke of Argyll has hit out at a Scottish government proposal to give landowners' close relatives inheritance rights to their property, calling it a "terrifying" idea that would be. In her will, she gave Doorwerth to another grandson, Vice-Admiral William Bentinck (1764-1813) of Terrington St Clement, Norfolk. HENRY BENTINCK, Earl of Portland till 6 July 1716, when he was created Marquess of Titchfield and DUKE OF PORTLAND. a tramroad or 'plateway' and was nine and a half miles long and ran
William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland carried the family line forward, and became its most famous politician. For the purposes of this post, I'll be leaving aside their 94,817 acres of Scottish landholdings - Andy Wightman has covered these at Who Owns Scotland - and . Although he never visited any of his Ayrshire estates after
In 1920 the east side had already been built up including by people . mP}O'x6(L'~&Pu)!j?QtlO=r+q twQ(8-Lq O@Buk#J=F!5(GLIm5neRpBS%9 ]GM#M9.F> #s%qS1kl;X>+ Ue>1!#IAMJ^/I[XDl>[9zgE |g!GE Duke of Portland Boathouse on the shore of Lake Ullswater ideal for a romantic break, Cumbria - Book Duke of Portland Boathouse on the shore of Lake Ullswater ideal for a romantic break online with best deal and discount with lowest price on Homestay Booking. Others were diplomats, one as ambassador to Czechoslovakia and one as ambassador to France. The 6th Duke did do something non-traditional, though he was in keeping with the changing times (and indeed the changing laws): in 1943, just before he died, he broke the entail on the Portland estates, since he could see that his grand-daughters would otherwise inherit nothing if the lands and titles stayed together and passed as usual to the next male heir (a distant cousin). PSrb[
f][In9s lDw*Isj\#__#D*j7DrX1z6nJ%vKI)"clOs`wpo- 9qf^.v8ex=Sq. . The senior line became lords of Aller, and became extinct at the end of the 18th century. The 3rd Duke of Fife, who has died aged 85, inherited fortunes, titles and estates in Scotland from both sides of his . Anxious to reward his close friend and supporter, [Hans] William Bentinck, William created him Baron of Cirencester, Viscount Woodstock and Earl of Portland in February 1689. The earliest Portland title was held by Richard Weston, Baron Weston (1576-1635), who was created 1st Earl of Portland in 1633. Hijack the Ferry 11. with the carriages being drawn by horses. But by this point, Portland had been supplanted as the Kings favourite by another Dutchman, Arnold van Keppel, and he resigned his court offices in 1699, and he mostly retired to his country estate at Bulstrode Park, though he did continue to carry out duties in the next reign, that of Queen Anne. 1 bedroom flat for rent in Duke Street, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 1AG, BN1 for 1,025 pcm. At their height, together they covered 88,000 acres which gave the Dukeries at the time the qualities of a self-contained world. William Bentinck, the 3rd Duke of Portland, changed his family's
Whitewashed Stairwell 5. Once William and Mary were formally proclaimed king and queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, Bentinck was appointed Groom of the Stole (one of the most intimate court offices, in charge of the Kings private spaces within the palace), First Gentleman of the Bedchamber, and was given the titles Earl of Portland, Viscount Woodstock and Baron Cirencester. The estate of Langwell is in the parish of Latheron. The Wellington Riding is an international competition venue and award-winning equestrian centre. Two of his grandsons rose to prominence, one as an Admiral of the British Navy (Sir Rudolf Bentinck), and the other as a colonial administrator in South Africa. and Governor General of India), William John Cavendish-Bentinck-Scott, 5th Duke of Portland (1800-1879), William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland (1857-1943), William Arthur Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 7th Duke of Portland (1893-1977), Ferdinand William Cavendish-Bentinck, 8th Duke of Portland (1888-1980), Victor Frederick William Cavendish-Bentinck, 9th Duke of Portland (1897-1990), Henry Noel Bentinck, 11th Earl of Portland (1919-1997), Timothy Charles Robert Noel Bentinck, 12th Earl of Portland (b 1953), Margaret Cavendish Bentinck, Duchess of Portland (1715-1785), William Bentinck, 1st Count Bentinck (1704-1774), Charlotte Sophie, Countess Bentinck, ne Countess of Aldenburg (1715-1800), John Albert Bentinck (1737-1775; naval captain and M.P. Her mother, Lady Frances Howard, had been governess of the princesses Mary and Anne, and Anne Villiers and her sisters (and a brother) accompanied Princess Mary to The Hague after her wedding to the Prince of Orange. At long last we can finally share our new version of issue 8: Duke and Disorderly which tells the story of a posh duke with a very long name: William John Cavendish Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland (17 September 1800 - 6 December 1879). x\[sF~wCeupTd2T}h(Z~!X$Ows{V\'~eI"E"h^}}xvw{i (iK?pThqG2Wbqy>>}i=z?A.xr"_P$>#8n^ez^.m|Z5?X}raK?0/h>mXfHDDis>PVw
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