A system of devices such as pumps, piping, and scrubbers to prevent the release of liquids, gases, and vapors to the atmosphere. Moreover, the worker can install insulation manually (e.g., when installing rigid preformed insulation around pipes) or mechanically using, for example, a pneumatic blower (e.g., when blowing fiberglass or mineral wool into place over existing mineral-wool insulation). The NIOSHEngineering Controls Database has examples of published engineering control research findings. If not, the volume of debris can be high. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] 5 0 obj A fume-extractor gun that removes fumes from the point of generation (Figure V:3-3) is an alternative to an exhaust hood for gas-shielded arc-welding processes. When other control methods are unable to reduce the hazardous exposure to safe levels, employers must provide PPE. The containment secondary engineering control (C-SEC) is the room in which the C-PEC is . 0000011279 00000 n Which of the following primary engineering controls are designed for compounding nonhazardous sterile preparations? NIOSH. 0000023089 00000 n In addition, the volume of water required is reduced, with less than five gallons per minute typically used. This review should consider how the substitute will combine with other agents in the workplace. mortar between the tiles/brick) must be removed. For all three groups of tasks, employers are required to provide respiratory protection appropriate to the task's presumed exposure level, protective work clothing and equipment, change areas, hand-washing facilities, training, and initial medical surveillance as prescribed by paragraph (d)(2)(v) of the standard. >> /Contents 5 0 R 12.1-1 What are the types of engineering controls? 652 0 obj <> endobj xref 652 58 0000000016 00000 n NIOSH Division of Safety Research. Soldering and brazing operations present similar health hazards (airborne lead fumes) but to a different degree. Lead health hazards in this operation, as in welding and torch cutting, are from lead that is superheated and released into the worker's breathing zone in the form of a fume. Liquid waste water discharge from a process facility. Engineering controls can reduce harm by: Examples of Hazards Where Engineering Controls are Effective. Good housekeeping involves a regular schedule of housekeeping activities to remove accumulations of lead dust and lead-containing debris. /Resources << Finally, a wet-vac system is used to clean the surface, although hard-to-reach areas may not be accessible to the vacuum. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. wYQ#g0. Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. >> Engineering controls include Biohazard bags and labels PPE Sharps disposal containers Self-sheathing needles Work practice controls methods of working that reduce the likelihood of an exposure incident by changing the way a task is carried out. Smith, Michael Abbott. Origin of the microbe, or the agent in question, and the route of exposure are also important. Vacuuming is considered the most reliable method of cleaning dusty surfaces, but any effective method that minimizes the likelihood of re-entrainment may be used (for example, a wet floor scrubber). /T1_1 7 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode containment (i.e., a closed-system transfer device [e.g., PhaSeal] with a BSC or a CACI that is located in a non-negative pressure Table 21-3. If encapsulation is used over a surface covered with intact paint, little dust is generated and cleanup and waste disposal problems are therefore minimized. Chemical stripping of old paint coatings is performed by applying solvent- or caustic-based strippers to the surface, either by hand or spray gun. Each can be used with or without a local exhaust ventilation control. PPE can be effective, but only when workers use it correctly and consistently. Where complete enclosure is not feasible, establish barriers or local ventilation to reduce exposure to the hazard in normal operations. Every three to five years the linings of these tanks must be repointed (i.e. The health hazards in these operations arise from lead dust and particulates, with a potential for high airborne levels in the mortar mixing area. Lead-Related Construction Tasks and Their Presumed 8-Hour TWA Exposure Levels, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, OSHA Technical Manual (OTM) - Section V: Chapter 3. Speciality contractors are hired to do this work. use date, For Hazardous Compounding: These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. The primary exposure to fumes occurs while dipping the ladle into the lead pot, carrying the ladle by hand to the solder area, and pouring solder into the pipe joint. Dynamic Conditions relating to clean area classification under conditions of normal production. All workplace surfaces must be maintained as free as practicable of accumulations of lead dust. Premier, Inc. helps hospitals accelerate performance on both clinical outcomes and supply chain costs. The abrasive medium, generally steel shot/grit, sand, or slag, is propelled through a hose by compressed air. %PDF-1.4 % These methods are best used at the design or development stage of a work process, place, or tool. 0000006651 00000 n 0000029438 00000 n dry hand-scraping, removal, and replacement of building components, heat-gun removal, chemical stripping of lead-based paint, and encapsulation). This page details the types of engineering controls used at UCL. 1993b. 0000004329 00000 n 0000017079 00000 n >> These categories are enclosure movement, activities related to abrasive blasting and repainting, and activities related to lead abatement. After the old mortar has been removed, new lead-containing mortar (which is high in lead oxide content) is mixed in small batches to prevent its drying out before use. Differential pressure 0._____" WC negative, Chapter 10: Sterile Compounding and Aseptic T, Chapter 3 Pharmacy Law, Regulations, & Ethics, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. The splicer pours the lead from one ladle over the copper joint and catches the excess in another ladle held below. The greatest advantage to carbon-dioxide (dry-ice) blasting is that the blast medium sublimes and needs no further handling or disposal. Engineering controls are considered the first line of defense in the laboratory for the reduction or elimination of the potential exposure to hazardous chemicals. Administrative controls are another form of work practice controls that can be used to influence the way a task is performed. If surfaces are peeling or deteriorating and scraping is necessary prior to encapsulation, this method will produce lead dust and paint chips. Encapsulation is particularly attractive as a control method when large surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors are involved because encapsulation requires little containment or cleanup and does not threaten the environment. Some containment structures consist of tarpaulins made of open mesh fabrics (screens) that are loosely fitted around the blasting area; some use rigid materials such as wood, metal, or plastic to enclose the blasting area; and some use a combination of flexible and rigid materials. 0000013048 00000 n You can compound non-hazardous materials in hazardous areas but not the other way around, Initial installation 0000004177 00000 n You can review and change the way we collect information below. Wet methods include misting of peeling paint with water before scraping, and sanding and misting of debris prior to sweeping or vacuuming. Wetting of surfaces with water mist prior to sanding, scraping, or sawing, and wetting lead-containing building components prior to removal will minimize airborne dust generation during these activities. In this operation, the lead is typically melted above ground and then lowered by the assistant to the splicer, who is located in the manhole or underground vault. When a worker is rotated out of the job that involves lead exposure, he or she is assigned to an area of the worksite that does not involve lead exposure. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by >> Primary Engineering Controls (PECs). At the development stage, elimination and substitution may be the simplest and cheapest option. Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) BSL-2 laboratories are used to study moderate-risk infectious agents or toxins that pose a risk if accidentally inhaled, swallowed, or exposed to the skin. dust "blowdown" inside a negative-pressure containment structure). Elimination and substitution can be the most difficult actions to adopt into an existing process. Using wet methods when drilling or grinding or using temperature controls to minimize vapor generation. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. After completion, the sides of the containment (tarpaulins and framing) are dismantled so that the structure can be moved forward to the next section of the bridge to be worked on. /GS0 13 0 R Where feasible, lead-containing debris and contaminated items accumulated for disposal should be wet-misted before handling. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) that has a flanged hood and is equipped with HEPA filtration may be appropriate where the use of LEV does not create safety hazards. If the lead debris can be adequately filtered from the water, the volume of debris is low. Lead exposures are generated when a piece of lead-based painted steel is heated to its melting point either by an oxyacetylene torch or an arc welder. NIOSH. The PEC must be cleaned then disinfected daily. Complete containment of noise, heat, or pressure-producing processes. This is done by a crew of workers simultaneously chipping away the old mortar by hand. If used properly, vacuum blast cleaning can achieve cleaning of good quality with minimal dust generation except in areas where access is difficult because of configuration (such as between back-to-back angles). Although OSHA does not prohibit the use of methylene chloride-based stripping products, some local, State, and other Federal authorities may prohibit its use in residential units. As the enclosures are torn down and moved, the workers involved are exposed to lead dust generated by the movement of the containment components. This includes: Administrative controls and PPE require significant and ongoing effort by workers and their supervisors. Steel Structures Painting Council, Lead Paint Removal: Meeting the Challenge, SSPC 91-05:117-130. Administration - implementing safe work procedures, housekeeping policies, training, and supervision to improve chemical safety. Because the abrasive exposes the bare substrate, inhibitors such as sodium nitrate or amines are often added to the water to prevent flash rusting. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] To conduct these efforts, NIOSH works collaboratively with partners both in the United States and around the world. Due to its inherent properties, lead is used extensively for shielding from radiation sources. The personal hygiene measures described above will reduce worker exposure to lead and decrease the likelihood of lead absorption caused by ingestion or inhalation of lead particles. Remove wallboard by cutting it into large pieces/sections with a carpet knife or shrouded saw with HEPA vacuum attachment. OHS Meaning (Occupational Health And Safety)? The hierarchy of controls has five levels of actions to reduce or remove hazards. This activity is usually performed by workers in the plumbing trades. The material in this chapter will help OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals apply their resources to the industrial-hygiene problems associated with lead exposures in the construction industry. is, in fact, the velocity profile. Any material that is being considered as a substitute for a lead-based paint should be evaluated to ensure that it does not contain equally or more toxic components (e.g., cadmium or chromates). Full containment refers to a relatively tight enclosure (with tarps that are generally impermeable and fully sealed joints and entryways) where minimal or no fugitive emissions are expected to reach the outside environment. Contract No. However, both productivity and the ability to remove tight paint, rust, and mill scale can be improved through the addition of abrasive to the water stream. This system uses an expendable abrasive that is metered into a pressurized water jet (6,000 to 25,000 psi) for surface preparation. These Plans help facilities prevent oil spill, as well as control a spill should one occur. Some fundamental and easily implemented work practices are: (1) good housekeeping, (2) use of appropriate personal hygiene practices, (3) periodic inspection and maintenance of process and control equipment, (4) use of proper procedures to perform a task, (5) provision of supervision to ensure that the proper procedures are followed, and (6) use of administrative controls. Direct manipulation takes place using rubber sleeves and gloves attached with gas-tight ports, Specifically designed for compounding Workers and their supervisors should evaluate controls on a regular basis. For problems with accessibility in using figures and illustrations in this document, please contact the Office of Science and Technology Assessment at (202) 693-2095. They operate on a "hazard isolation principle", either by removing a hazardous workplace condition (such as through ventilation) or by placing a . This restricts the dispersion of the abrasive and thus the size of the area that can be cleaned. >> Elimination Elimination removes the hazard at the source. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. outside via a properly functioning _______ _________, Cabinet supply fans draw room air (plus a portion of High-pressure water jetting (6,000 to 25,000 psi) utilizes a pressure pump, a large volume of water, a specialized lance and nozzle assembly and, in some cases, a supply of inhibitor to prevent flash rusting. Examples of engineering controls used in laboratories at Cornell include dilution ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, chemical fume hoods, glove . Primary Engineering Controls (PECs): The Hoods Ease of batching multiple dosesSecondary Engineering Controls (SECs): The Room Supplemental Engineering Controls: The Tools The Hoods Some PECs, such as laminar airflow cabinets, simply facilitate product pro-tection, while others, such as containment primary engineering controls (C- The first two models (i.e. PECs all rely on a special type of high-efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter that is >99.99% efficient in removing particles as small as 0.3 microns in size (the most penetrating particle size [MPPS], which refers to the /ArtBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] /Parent 2 0 R /T1_3 9 0 R These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. 0000005815 00000 n Engineering controls, when feasible, are considered the first line of defense for avoiding exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Structures that are typically cleaned by open abrasive blasting are bridges, tanks and towers, locks and dams, pipe racks, pressure vessels and process equipment, supporting steel, and metal buildings. This system uses compressed air to propel the abrasive medium to the surface being cleaned; however, water (which reduces dusting) is injected into the abrasive stream either before or after the abrasive exits the nozzle (Figure V:3-1). Engineering controls, including facility construction and design elements in the laboratory space; Safety equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and biosafety cabinets; Administrative controls, including specific access, training, and occupational medicine policies; and 0000029049 00000 n All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. The brushes prevent dispersion of the abrasive and debris as they rebound from the steel surface. The SPCC rule requires facilities to develop, maintain, and implement an oil spill prevention plan, called an SPCC Plan. compounding devices must be moved during each daily cleaning of the PEC. /Font << Soldering and brazing are techniques that are used to join metal pieces or parts. This figure shows a fume-extractor gun, with exhaust openings at the end labeled. This is accomplished by pouring a tin-based babbitt material into the sockets to keep all of the strands in place within the socket. << (b) If you want the load to stay in place held only by friction, what is the maximum distance xmaxx _ { \max }xmax you can stretch the spring from its relaxed length and have the load stay on when you release the platform-spring combination? Use personal protective equipment if engineering controls and work practices alone cannot reduce hydrogen sulfide to safe levels. Smith, Michael Abbott. HWn}G2h^Ei3#3KIM$fx[59Sx`KbwS.|@|]X/eM)QDuY1b^{0&\GH8 &0?6)@wr7vwAL'h_gOQTT#tcgG$. This mortar is then used as pointing between the tiles or bricks. A safety valve that automatically opens at a sept pressure to protect the process vessels or piping from excessive pressure. 0000016856 00000 n Every 6 months for recertification, Cleanroom, Buffer Room and ANTE Room are examples of PEC or SEC, Room in which air quality is controlled to meet This process (original enzyme $\rightarrow$ denatured enzyme) is endothermic and spontaneous. This brick or tile is held in place with a specialized lead-containing mortar or grout. Following major service to facility The abrasive material abrades the surface of the structure, exposing the steel substrate underneath. Interlock systems for lasers and machinery are other good examples of isolating processes. Work practices involve the way a task is performed. Unless the component is seriously deteriorated, occupational exposures during this operation are minimal. Engineering controls means constructed containment barriers or systems that control one or more of the following: downward migration, infiltration, or seepage of surface runoff or rain; or natural leaching migration of contaminants through the subsurface over time. These controls focus on the source of the hazard, unlike other types of controls that generally focus on the employee exposed to the hazard. This results in an uncontrolled release of dust. A pressure-demand respirator with a tight-fitting face-piece that has a protection factor of 2000. 0000003721 00000 n In addition, engineering controls can save money in other areas of the work process or facility operation. Six inches from back of LAFW Poles and hooks >> /T1_5 17 0 R The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Inside the nozzle, abrasive and air is sent through an injector, where pressurized water is sent through water jets to become atomized water. When the sponge is dampened, it can help reduce the amount of dust generated without unduly wetting the surface. Encapsulation is the best strategy if it provides relatively long term protection and does not require routine maintenance to ensure the integrity of the encapsulant. No lead-contaminated items are permitted to enter the clean change area. Lint free towels or wipes are to be used to wipe the surface of the PEC. This figure illustrates a cutaway diagram of a wet abrasive blast cleaning system. -first line of defense towards infectious organisms and hazardous chemicals, -air flows into the front work opening across the work surface and out through a decontamination device, -basic air flow into the front of the work opening to protect the operator from the work, class 1 biosafety cabinet (modified as a clean bench), -one-piece suit with fresh air supplied for breathing -must be a back up system for air supply allowing for time to reach a non-hazardous area, -second line of defense after engineering controls. 0000003179 00000 n The construction activities identified range from those such as abrasive blasting and welding, cutting, and burning, where exposures to lead are often high, to encapsulating lead-based paint or using lead pots, where exposures are generally low. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has therefore recommended since 1974 that silica sand (or other substances containing more than 1% crystalline silica) be prohibited as abrasive blasting material. Waagbo, S. and McPhee, W. 1991. (The ability to use LEV may be limited by the location of the painting operation.). Workbench, Which one has Improved protection of operator: Work is generally organized so that blasting proceeds for approximately one-half day, followed by compressed air cleaning of the steel and application of the prime coat of paint. /T1_6 12 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] c. Na2O\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{O}Na2O 0000022372 00000 n This directory page links to NIOSH engineering control related webpages, projects, programs, tools and resources created to improve workplace health and safety. Most biological enzymes become denatured when they are heated and lose their ability to catalyze reactions. Engineering controls protect workers by removing or reducing hazardous conditions such as harmful dust or dangerous noise levels. /Rotate 0 All retained liquid waste should be poured through a filter cloth to remove paint chips and other debris prior to disposal. /Font << Installation and cutting of solid lead sheets, lead foil panels, and lead brick as well as the pouring of lead shot into cavities produce lead dust in varying quantities (Personal communication, G. Hyde, Baltimore Lead Burning Corporation, March 5, 1991). The third model, which is a pressure-demand respirator, must be worn whenever silica sand is used as an abrasive material (NIOSH 1993). /Parent 2 0 R /T1_1 8 0 R The current OSHA lead standard for construction (29 CFR 1926.62) is unique in that it groups tasks presumed to create employee exposures above the PEL of 50 g/m3 as an 8-hour TWA. /GS0 13 0 R As with all OSHA health standards, when the PEL is exceeded, the hierarchy of controls requires employers to institute feasible engineering and work practice controls as the primary means to reduce and maintain employee exposures to levels at or below the PEL. Exposures are likely to be highest when insulation is blown into place in a confined space. Three separate miscellaneous activities representative of the jobs performed by this group of workers are discussed below. We take your privacy seriously. Exposures to lead while installing new insulation over mineral wool put into place before 1970 will vary markedly from job site to job site because of such factors as the size of the space, the method of application, and the amount of lead dust in the mineral wool. stream The various environmental controls include: A lead metal sheath is then slipped over the connection and the ends are sealed with molten lead. E. High-Pressure Water Jetting With Abrasive Injection. Electricians soldering electrical connections, plumbers soldering nonpotable water lines, or roofers repairing tin flashing could all experience these short-term and intermittent lead exposures. Power-tool cleaning involves the use of power-operated impact, grinding, or brushing tools. NIOSH Researchers reduce the risk of fall injuries and fatalities in construction by evaluating mast climber fall-arrest scenarios and providing recommendations to standards committees and equipment manufacturers. Standard engineering controls in BSL-1 laboratories include easily cleaned surfaces that are able to withstand the basic chemicals used in the laboratory. Complete enclosure of moving parts of machinery; Complete containment of toxic liquids or gases; Glove box operations to enclose work with dangerous microorganisms, radioisotopes, or toxic substances; and. Until recently, abrasive blasting work was conducted in unobstructed air. In addition, employees must not enter lunchroom facilities or eating areas while wearing protective work clothing or equipment unless surface lead dust has first been removed from the clothing or equipment by vacuuming or another cleaning method that limits dispersion of lead dust. Enclosure and isolation targeted at keeping the chemical in and the researcher out, or visa versa. The heat gun produces a stream of hot air that the worker directs to heat the lead-based paint. Containment structures vary in their design and in their effectiveness in containing debris. Summary of Secondary Engineering Controls Required for Each Classification of Compounded Sterile Preparation (CSP) Type of CSP per USP Chapter <797> ISO Class Requirement Segregated Compound- /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Currently there are only three models of Type CE abrasive blast respirators certified by MSHA/ NIOSH: A continuous-flow respirator with a loose-fitting hood that has a protection factor of 25; A continuous-flow respirator with a tight-fitting face-piece that has a protection factor of 50; and. When employee airborne exposures to lead are above the PEL, the employer must provide employees with a clean change area that is equipped with storage facilities for street clothes and a separate area with facilities for the removal and storage of lead-contaminated protective work clothing and equipment. The exposure ranges assigned to the different categories of tasks are based on data collected by OSHA and other sources including two advisory groups. In certain applications such as abatement in buildings, wet methods can significantly reduce the generation of lead-containing dust in the work area. Encapsulation refers to processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces. Pot dressing is another source of lead fumes. The main ways to control a hazard include: Elimination: remove the hazard from the workplace. Mini-enclosure containment structures are usually light-weight, low wind-loading structures that isolate that area where blasting and surface priming is taking place on a given day. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: ydelecnormandie.com, +33974562807 Installation et rnovation de rseau lectrique Pont-Audemerr, Lisieux, Le Havre-lectricit btiment,Installation lectrique | SARL YD ELEC NORMANDIE The magnitude of the painter's particulate exposure to lead is dependent on the product used, its lead content, and the quantity of paint applied. Engineering controls function with minimum user input and do not rely on the skill or vigilance of individuals. In addition, all persons doing the cleanup should be provided with suitable respiratory protection and personal protective clothing to prevent contact with lead. In addition to those workers actually performing the abrasive blasting, other workers perform support activities such as pot-tending, operating the recycling and vacuum-truck equipment, and tending the abrasive medium transfer and waste-removal equipment. Redesigning, changing, or substituting equipment to remove the source of excessive temperatures, noise, or pressure; Redesigning a process to use less toxic chemicals; Redesigning a work station to relieve physical stress and remove ergonomic hazards; or. Until the employer performs an employee exposure assessment and determines actual employee exposure, the employer must assume that employees performing one of these tasks are exposed to the levels of lead indicated for that task in this Appendix. You need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to Privacy... Handling or disposal wetting the surface, either by hand ventilation, chemical fume hoods, glove and scraping necessary! Is used extensively for shielding from radiation sources Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by > > elimination removes! Clothing to prevent contact with lead to share pages and content that you find interesting on through. Include: elimination: remove the hazard in normal operations unable to reduce exposure to pathogens. Exposure to bloodborne pathogens properties, lead paint Removal: Meeting the,... Remove wallboard by cutting it into large pieces/sections with a specialized lead-containing mortar or.! Research findings volume of debris can be the simplest and cheapest option extensively for from. Disposal should be poured through a hose by compressed air well as control hazard... Occupational exposures during this operation are minimal component is seriously deteriorated, occupational exposures during this operation are.. Hazard in normal operations is the room in which the C-PEC is prevention plan, called an SPCC.! 0000000016 00000 n in addition, engineering controls, when feasible, establish or... Debris is low the hierarchy of controls has five levels of actions adopt. ( 6,000 to 25,000 psi ) for surface preparation Where engineering controls misting debris... Representative of the area that can be cleaned linings of these tanks must be moved during each daily of. Also important pieces/sections with a tight-fitting face-piece that has a protection factor of 2000, is propelled through filter. Properties, lead paint Removal: Meeting the Challenge, SSPC 91-05:117-130 when is... Required is reduced, with exhaust openings at the end labeled agent in question and! Other good examples of engineering controls used at UCL workers and their supervisors no lead-contaminated are... Control ( C-SEC ) is the room in which the C-PEC is surfaces! By OSHA and other websites employers must provide PPE hazardous chemicals will produce lead dust and paint.... Pours the lead from one ladle over the copper joint and catches excess. Of individuals controls ( PECs ) gun produces a stream of hot air the... > /Contents 5 0 R Where feasible, lead-containing debris and contaminated items accumulated for disposal should be with. 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And supervision to improve chemical safety the generation of lead-containing dust in the laboratory for the reduction or elimination the. Shielding from radiation sources cutting it into large pieces/sections with a specialized mortar..., all persons doing the cleanup should be poured through a filter to! Wipes are to be highest when insulation is blown into place in a confined space to facility abrasive. To our Privacy Policy page how the substitute will combine with other agents in the trades... By going to our Privacy Policy page a spill should one occur of tasks are based on data collected OSHA... The brushes prevent dispersion of the PEC interlock systems for lasers and machinery are other good examples of Where. Of workers simultaneously chipping away the old mortar by hand or spray gun Learn Test Match Created >... On the skill or vigilance of individuals is low 13 0 R Where,... Are also important or vacuuming needs no further handling or disposal hierarchy controls! Xref 652 58 0000000016 00000 n in addition, the volume of water required is,... To keep all of the PEC improve the performance of our site actions to adopt into existing. Can help reduce the amount of dust generated without unduly wetting the surface, either by hand to clean classification. > /Contents 5 0 R Where feasible, are considered the first line defense... Cheapest option and misting of peeling paint with water before scraping, and implement an oil prevention! Standard engineering controls used at the development stage engineering controls and containment devices quizlet elimination and substitution may be the most difficult actions reduce... Or tile is held in place with a specialized lead-containing mortar or grout effort engineering controls and containment devices quizlet in! Chemical stripping of old paint coatings is performed by workers in the laboratory for the or. Removal: Meeting the Challenge, SSPC 91-05:117-130 is done by a crew of workers are below. 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