Make sure frames and panels are connected by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, alone or in combination, which secure vertical members together laterally. \text { Target } \\ d.42 - 50 inches, When installed, toeboards should extend a minimum of how many inches over the working platform? Select all that apply and then click DONE. 1926.451 (f)(3) Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible . Additionally a user has the right to refuse to occupy the scaffold should they contest the competent persons findings. It is generally applied as a thin coat over a base coat and takes several days to achieve its designed strength. c.20 inches The top edge height on supported scaffolds manufactured or placed in service before January 1, 2000, and on all suspended scaffolds where both a guardrail and a personal fall arrest system are required shall be between 36 45 inches; When mid-rails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, or equivalent structural members are used, they shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the scaffold platform; When mid-rails are used, they shall be installed at a height midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the scaffold platform; When screens and mesh are used, they shall extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports; When intermediate members are used, they shall not be more than 19 inches apart; Each top rail or equivalent member of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding a force of at least 100 pounds for systems on single-point adjustable suspension or two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and at least 200 pounds for guardrail systems installed on other scaffolds; When the loads specified above are applied in a downward direction, the top edge shall not drop below the height above the platform surface required above; Mid-rails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels and equivalent structural members shall be capable of withstanding a force of at least 75 pounds for systems with a minimum 100 pound top rail capacity, and at least 150 pounds for systems with a minimum 200 pound top rail capacity; Guardrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations and prevent snagging of clothing; The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard; Steel or plastic banding shall not be used as a top rail or mid-rail; Manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for top rails or mid-rails shall be inspected by a competent person as frequently as necessary; and. \text { Product } \\ c.40 - 48 inches Maximum intended load and load-carrying capacities of scaffolds used. Cross bracing is not acceptable as an entire guardrail system but is acceptable for a toprail when the crossing point of the two braces is between 38 inches (0.9 meters) and 48 inches (1.3 meters) above the work platform and for midrails when between 20 inches (0.5 meters) and 30 inches (0.8 meters) above the work platform. c.30 feet The standard requires employers to protect each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level from falling to that lower level. Barbara and her team erected scaffolding outside of a building earlier this week. Standard guardrails (e.g., handrail and midrail) and toeboards must be provided for all open sides of the scaffolding that are ten (10) feet or more above the surrounding surfaces. To control the risk of a scaffold falling or collapsing, employers must assure that scaffolds are built within OSHA standards relating to strength and structural integrity. d.12 inches, If the platform is over 10 feet, it cannot exceed how many inches over the centerline support? A self-supporting scaffold is one or more work platforms supported from below by outriggers, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames or similar rigid supports. You must cordon off the area prior to erecting or dismantling scaffolds above: Select the items below that must be considered when using scaffolding. The scaffold distance between an insulated 220-volt line must be at least three feet. Providing a scaffold to the user that is free from recognizable and preventable hazards (i.e. Frame spacing and sill size can only be determined after the total loads to be imposed on the scaffold and the strength of the supporting soil or structure are calculated and considered. Guardrail systems must be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 200 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction at any point within two inches of the top edge of the top rail. What should be Jayden's next step? b.2 inches Jayden is a competent person; he has already performed a site evaluation. d.2 inches, If the platform is 10 feet or less, it cannot exceed how many inches over the centerline support? OSHA has standards that apply specifically to the steps that must be taken to assure a stable scaffold base. The lifeline must be attached securely to substantial members of the structure (not the scaffold) or to securely rigged lines that will safely suspend the employee in case of a fall. If a ramp or walkway has a slope of more than 1:8, make sure it has cleats securely fastened to the planks not more than 14 inches apart, to provide footing. 1.Store materials away from the edge. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. 2. The department will designate, identify, and provide training for competent persons within the department. The end points of the cross bracing must be no more than 48 inches (1.3 meters) apart vertically. Contacting and coordinating with the Competent Person regarding any issues associated with the erection of a scaffold. The department shall maintain a list of all employees within the department who have been authorized (through both training and experience) as scaffold erectors; and provide notice to the employees who have been deemed to be authorized erectors. No more than three workers are permitted to work at one time on suspension scaffolds with a working load of 750 pounds. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. A competent person is an employee who is capable of identifying existing or predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate these hazards. a that apply to the following statement and then click DONE. O>wk`2^Ln?5NVqo Q|:i=p*/ FibrPP am0kk&LHQ7H>An2>8BMg,8i,k8Gx:`(U8B+@2If%) G:t'%$]VMc\RIq N4okHR-YK{_G_,P_1dmhzRsT,kw%SRmfV7_pDf*T7,c \79bj!1}dpB~9V&co7Sj. Be sure scaffolding stays level and plumb as erection progresses. For erectors and dismantlers, determining the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection and access. In its simplest form, a scaffold is any temporary elevated or suspended work surface used to support workers and/or materials. Only the base coat gives the asphalt compressive strength.1. Contact EHS for assistance and guidance in any of the duties associated with being a Competent Person. PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2 1926.451 (b) (9) Scaffolds are never as safe as the foundations they are built on. At a minimum, daily inspection and documentation of the condition of the scaffold and its ability to be occupied safely. Designing platforms on two-point adjustable suspension types that are less than 36 inches wide to prevent instability; Making swaged attachments and spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes; and. Fabricated frame scaffolds are the most common type of scaffold because they are versatile, economical, and easy to use. to prevent falls. A competent person is one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are hazardous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. b.Use the scaffolding as is. How can you ensure that scaffolding will automatically remain plumb, level, and square? 4. 100% (1) Access must be provided when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access. What must ramps and walkways 6 feet or more above lower levels be equipped with? Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. a.Yes, because any height off the ground, or point of access, requires the use of a ladder or stairway. d. No, because the height of the platform is easily accessed from the ground, When used, hook-on and attachable ladders must be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than how many inches above the scaffold support level? The department recognizes that all employees who intend on occupying a scaffold must go through the appropriate scaffold user training (see above) conducted by a qualified person (i.e. Employers must ensure that: The scaffolding platform will be 32 inches from the ground. a safe means of access shall be provided when a competent person has determined the feasibility and analyzed the site . Platforms shall be entirely planked and decked with space not more than one inch wide between the platforms and uprights; The platform shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded; All platforms shall be kept clear of debris or other obstructions that may hinder the working clearance on the platform; Wood planks shall be inspected to see that they are graded for scaffold use, are sound and in good condition, straight grained, free from saw cuts, splits and holes; Platforms and walkways shall be at least 18 inches in width. The team cannot wait any longer for the weather to clear. Outriggers must be used on narrow frame type scaffolds (i.e. Portable ladders tied off to the structure; Less than 300 volts; 3 feet; Two times the length of the line insulator, but never less than 10 feet, 300 to 50 kv; 10 feet; Two times the length of the line insulator, but never less than 10 feet, More than 50 kv; 10 feet plus 0.4 inches for each 1 kv over 50 kv; Two times the length of the line insulator, but never less than 10 feet, Less than 50 kv; 10 feet; Two times the length of the line insulator, but never less than 10 feet. Cross braces shall not be used as a means of access. In its simplest form, a scaffold is any temporary elevated or suspended work surface used to support workers and/or materials. When it is infeasible to provide a work area at least18 inches (46 centimeters) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must still be used. The competent person is the shop supervisor or her/his designated representative. 2.Always use the proper ladder or stairs. A qualified person must design all scaffolding in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451 General Requirements for Scaffolds and 29 CFR 1926.452 Additional Requirements Applicable to Specific Types of Scaffolds. Direct access from another surface is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surfaces. Requirements specific to the other types are described in the next module. Scaffold Training Institute or similar vendor). Make sure the planks are not allowed. All other components must be capable of supporting at least four (4) times the rated load. Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers Check that steps and rungs of ladders and stairway-type ladders line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. Utilizing the appropriate fall protection equipment / systems at heights above 10. Work shall not be permitted during high winds. Counterweights shall be secured by mechanical means to the outrigger beams. Supported scaffolds consist of one or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid support. Stairways must: have the stringers with a maximum slope of 60 degrees from the horizontal handrail on the open side of each flight Ramps used to access scaffolds must: Have a slope gradient not exceeding 1 in 3. Determine if fall protection is feasible during the erecting process. chubby Select all that apply and then click the DONE button. Only authorized scaffold erectors can erect scaffolds on campus. As they return to the site to continue their work, the first step they should take is to: EXCEPTION: Scaffolds and materials may be closer to power lines than specified where such clearance is necessary for performance of work and only after the utility company or electrical system operator has de-energized or relocated the lines. . 4 feet The competent person would need to know the individual scaffold base plate loading and if each one is below the maximum allowable deck loading. c.13, 15 9. Planks are stamped for scaffold approved loading and usage on one end. 2.A plank clip While inspecting during scaffold erection and dismantling, make sure safe access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds is provided where it is feasible, and where it does not create a greater hazard. 1. Specific requirements for one type each ofsupported scaffold (tubular welded frame) and suspended scaffold (two-point suspension) are included in the sections below. Guardrails shall be constructed as follows: All job sites and work areas shall be inspected prior to the erection of scaffolds to determine the sites ability to support structure, and for location of electric power lines, overhead obstructions, wind conditions, and the need for overhead protection or weather protection coverings. c.10 feet 3.Install a wind screen on the scaffold. Erecting scaffolds in accordance with local, state, and federal. Persons selected to be competent persons at Princeton should receive professional Scaffold Competent person training either from an internal (Office of Environmental Health and Safety, EHS) or external competent person (i.e. The scaffolding will extend twenty feet into the air. are positioned so that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level; have rest platforms at maximum vertical intervals of 12 feet; have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except for mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders, which must have a minimum step width of 11 inches; and, have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surfaces. Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 centimeters) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 centimeters) vertically from the other surfaces. The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. Uplift is the separation of a frame from the frame below it. Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 centimeters) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 centimeters) vertically from the other surfaces. No University employee shall design any scaffolding. Scaffold Platform Construction What are scaffold platform construction requirements? Examining the scaffold tag (which should be affixed near the access point) to verify that a competent person has deemed the scaffold safe for use. A scaffold can be overloaded by removing the braces, which causes the weight on the scaffold to be distributed to fewer structural members. Environmental Health and Safety is responsible for: Departments affected by this policy are responsible for: Employees affected by this policy are responsible for complying with the practices within the Scaffold Safety policy. When erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds, a safe means of access shall be provided when a competent person has determined the feasibility and analyzed the site conditions. c.24 inches Poor foundation: Scaffold end frames, which have no base plate, are erected on top of scrap wood and unstable cement blocks. There were no guardrails at the working level. Refresher type training will be provided on an as needed basis; the periodicity of this training to be determined by EHS and the departments management, but should not exceed a period of 5 years from the previous training. Stair treads must be of slip-resistant design. 1926.451(f)(3) Erecting and DismantlingWhen erecting and dismantling supported scaffolds, a competent person2 must determine the feasibility of providing a safe means of access and fall protection for these operations. When the work area is less than 18 inches wide. Ensure that employees performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold are protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold, except at the side next to the wall 22 inches Do not use unstable objects such as loose bricks, blocks of wood or concrete to shore up the uneven surface. To protect against falling objects, screens must be installed between the toeboard and midrail if anyone is required to pass under the scaffolding. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. 4.Wear face masks. Note: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in this course. To protect against falling objects, screens must be installed between the toeboard and midrail if anyone is required to pass under the scaffolding. a.One mudsill per leg Note: Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire retardants, and slip-resistant finishes, provided they do not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. They are frequently used in one or two tiers by residential contractors, painters, etc., but their modular frames can also be stacked several stories high for use on large-scale construction jobs. a.18 inches 2012-10-05T11:53:02-04:00 Make sure that anything that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. Training of other scaffold users if needed. No University employee shall erect scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet. All scaffolds more than six feet above the lower level shall protect employees with guardrails on each open side of the scaffold. The platform gaps are too wide. What are some safe work practices you can follow to prevent yourself and others from being struck by falling objects while working on scaffolds? Guardrail systems or guardrails are barriers erected along an unprotected or exposed side or edge of a walking-working surface What is a joint underwriting association (JUA)? \end{array} The periodicity of this training to be determined by EHS and the departments management, but should not exceed a period of 5 years from the previous training. front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment are not used as support scaffold platforms, unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. \text { use to get e-mail, surf the } \\ When horizontal lifelines are used, make sure they are being secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold. The scaffolding components are clearly from various manufacturers. ). \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} \text { discount; pink or silver; } \\ Scaffolds must be erected, dismantled, or moved only by properly trained workers under the supervision of a competent person. being laid. Note: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in their applicable sections. b.38 - 45 inches \text { to school } The team is given a set of scaffolding components to assemble. Direct . Erectors also must abide by all manufacturer recommendations and be capable of erecting scaffolds under the guidance of a competent person. Princeton, NJ 08540ehs@princeton.edu609-258-5294, 2023 The Trustees of Princeton University, Office of Environmental Health and Safety, Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, Laboratory Access and Training Recommendations, Laboratory Equipment and Engineering Controls, SHIELD - Safety, Health, Inspection and Equipment Logistics Database, Administration of Biological and Chemical Hazards to Animals, Medical Clearance and Safety Training For Animal Researchers, Recombinant and Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules, Shipping and Receiving Biological Material, X-Ray Machines & Other Radiation-Producing Equipment, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Construction, Specific Requirements of Welded Frame and Suspended Scaffolds. c.Anyone Base plates or screw jacks shall be in firm contact with both the sills and the legs of the scaffolding. c.10 Acrobat Distiller 7.0.5 (Windows) Cross bracing is not acceptable as an entire guardrail system but is acceptable for a toprail when the crossing point of the two braces is between 38 inches (0.9 meters) and 48 inches (1.3 meters) above the work platform and for midrails when between 20 inches (0.5 meters) and 30 inches (0.8 meters) above the work platform. c.Inspect the scaffolding for paint. d.Two mud sills per leg, Scaffolds must be erected, dismantled, moved, or altered only under the supervision of a(n) ________. Fall protection consists of either personal fall-arrest systems or guardrail systems, and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Wood decking - This may lend itself for use as a foundation. 6 inches \text { Students-back } \\ Because frame scaffolds are the most common type of supported scaffold, this course uses the Fabricated Frame Scaffold to describe requirements that are common to all supported scaffolds. Employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolding must have a safe means of access provided when a competent person has determined the feasibility and analyzed the site conditions. Platforms shall be constructed as follows: Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals shall not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component. Additionally, there is no material cohesion; during a storm the material can wash away under the scaffold base plates. 3.Avoid kicking or knocking items off the scaffold. \text { Advertised } Select the correct answer and then click DONE. 3.String Single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds. Refusing to occupy a scaffold prior to the Competent Person providing documentation indicating that the scaffold has been inspected and deemed safe. \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} Independent lifelines should be protected from abrasion and wear. Select the correct answer and then click DONE. c.After it has been used a.Begin to erect the scaffolding. What are the main hazards associated with erecting, dismantling, and working on scaffolds? 2.Use bricks to bring the scaffolding level. tools, scrap material, chemicals, snow, ice, etc.) In order to assure scaffold stability, make sure: Note: One way to ensure a stable foundation when a sill is used is to secure it to the baseplate. The department also to provide competent person with document indicating that they are competent persons representing their respective departments and shall agree to uphold all local, state, and federal rules and regulations as they relate to scaffolding. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must Check that direct access to or from another surface is permitted only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. c.One mudsill per leg extending 6 inches beyond centerline of the pole S/N 869-034-00107-6; cost $30 (foreign $37.50). 3. 1926.451(e)(1) . Stairs must be at least 18 inches wide and have a landing platform at least 18 inches long at each level. A qualified person must design all scaffolding in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451 "General Requirements for Scaffolds" and 29 CFR 1926.452 "Additional Requirements Applicable to Specific Types of Scaffolds". Select the correct answer and then click DONE. 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